Systems and methods for using multiple light detecting optoelectronic components of a hazard detection system to determine a smoke condition of an environment

ABSTRACT

Apparatus, systems, methods, and related computer program products for handling temperature variation with optoelectronic components of a hazard detection system are described herein. A power characteristic of an optoelectronic component of the hazard detection system may be used to determine a temperature of an environment of the hazard detection system. A power characteristic of an optoelectronic component of the hazard detection system may be used to determine a smoke condition of an environment of the hazard detection system. Optoelectronic components of the hazard detection system may be optically coupled to determine a smoke condition of an environment of the hazard detection system. Multiple optoelectronics of the hazard detection system may be operative to detect forward scatter and back scatter of one or more types of light to determine a characteristic of a hazard particle.

FIELD

This patent specification relates to apparatus, systems, methods, andrelated computer program products for handling temperature variationwith optoelectronic components of a hazard detection system. Moreparticularly, this patent specification relates to apparatus, systems,methods, and related computer program products for using multiple lightdetecting optoelectronic components of a hazard detection system todetermine a smoke condition of an environment of the hazard detectionsystem.

BACKGROUND

This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects ofart that may be related to various aspects of the present techniques,which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed tobe helpful in providing the reader with background information tofacilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the presentdisclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statementsare to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.

Hazard detection systems, such as smoke detectors, carbon monoxidedetectors, combination smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, as well assystems for detecting other dangerous conditions, have been used inresidential, commercial, and industrial settings for safetyconsiderations. These systems may be exposed to varying temperatureconditions, which may be of interest for hazard detection and/or maynegatively affect the functionality of certain system components (e.g.,optoelectronic components). Accordingly, apparatus, systems, methods,and related computer program products for handling temperature variationwith optoelectronic components of a hazard detection system are needed.

BRIEF SUMMARY

A summary of certain embodiments disclosed herein is set forth below. Itshould be understood that these aspects are presented merely to providethe reader with a brief summary of these certain embodiments and thatthese aspects are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.Indeed, this disclosure may encompass a variety of aspects that may notbe set forth below.

Apparatus, systems, methods, and related computer program products forhandling temperature variation with optoelectronic components of ahazard detection system are provided herein.

In some embodiments, a hazard detection system may include a chamberbody defining a chamber space within an enclosure space, a lightemitting diode operative to emit light into the chamber space, a lightdetecting diode operative to detect the light emitted into the chamberspace, and a processing subsystem operative to determine a currentparticular smoke condition within the enclosure space based on thecurrent amount of the light detected by the light detecting diode,determine a current value of a power characteristic of one of the lightemitting diode and the light detecting diode, determine the currenttemperature of the one of the light emitting diode and the lightdetecting diode based on the determined current value of the powercharacteristic of the one of the light emitting diode and the lightdetecting diode, access thermal resistance data indicative of a thermalresistance between a portion of the enclosure space and the one of thelight emitting diode and the light detecting diode, and determine thecurrent temperature of the portion of the enclosure space based on theaccessed thermal resistance data and the determined current temperatureof the one of the light emitting diode and the light detecting diode.

In some other embodiments, a method for operating a hazard detectionsystem may be provided, wherein the hazard detection system includes achamber body defining a chamber space within an enclosure space, anoptoelectronic emitter, an optoelectronic detector, and a processingsubsystem. The method includes emitting light from the optoelectronicemitter into the chamber space, detecting at least a portion of theemitted light with the optoelectronic detector, determining, with theprocessing subsystem, a smoke condition within the enclosure space basedon an amount of the emitted light detected by the optoelectronicdetector, determining, with the processing subsystem, a value of a powercharacteristic of one of the optoelectronic emitter during the emittingand the optoelectronic detector during the detecting, determining, withthe processing subsystem, the temperature of the one of theoptoelectronic emitter and the optoelectronic detector based on thedetermined value of the power characteristic, accessing, with theprocessing subsystem, thermal resistance data indicative of a thermalresistance between a portion of the enclosure space and the one of theoptoelectronic emitter and the optoelectronic detector, and determining,with the processing subsystem, the temperature of the portion of theenclosure space based on the accessed thermal resistance data and thedetermined temperature.

In some other embodiments, a method for operating an electronic devicemay be provided, wherein the electronic device includes a light emittingdiode and a chamber body that at least partially defines a chamber spacewithin an environment space. The method may include, while the lightemitting diode is emitting light into the chamber space for enabling thedetermination of a smoke condition within the environment space,detecting the magnitude of a forward voltage of the light emittingdiode. The method may also include calculating the temperature of thelight emitting diode using the detected magnitude of the forward voltageof the light emitting diode and determining the temperature of a portionof the environment space that is external to the chamber space using thecalculated temperature of the light emitting diode.

In some other embodiments, a hazard detection system may include achamber body defining a chamber space, a light emitting diode operativeto emit light into the chamber space, a light detecting diode operativeto detect the light emitted into the chamber space, and a processingsubsystem operative to determine a current value of a powercharacteristic of one of the light emitting diode and the lightdetecting diode, determine the current temperature of the one of thelight emitting diode and the light detecting diode based on thedetermined current value of the power characteristic of the one of thelight emitting diode and the light detecting diode, and determine acurrent particular smoke condition within the chamber space based on thecurrent amount of the light detected by the light detecting diode andthe determined current temperature of the one of the light emittingdiode and the light detecting diode.

In some other embodiments, a method for operating a hazard detectionsystem may be provided, wherein the hazard detection system includes achamber body defining a chamber space, an optoelectronic emitter, anoptoelectronic detector, and a processing subsystem. The method mayinclude emitting light from the optoelectronic emitter into the chamberspace, detecting at least a portion of the emitted light with theoptoelectronic detector, determining, with the processing subsystem, avalue of a power characteristic of one of the optoelectronic emitterduring the emitting and the optoelectronic detector during thedetecting, determining, with the processing subsystem, the temperatureof the one of the optoelectronic emitter and the optoelectronic detectorbased on the determined value of the power characteristic of the one ofthe optoelectronic emitter and the optoelectronic detector, anddetermining, with the processing subsystem, a smoke condition within thechamber space based on an amount of the emitted light detected by theoptoelectronic detector and the determined temperature of the one of theoptoelectronic emitter and the optoelectronic detector.

In some other embodiments, a method for operating an electronic devicemay be provided, wherein the electronic device includes a light emittingdiode and a chamber body that at least partially defines a chamberspace. While the light emitting diode is emitting light into the chamberspace, the method may include detecting the magnitude of a forwardvoltage of the light emitting diode. The method may also includecalculating the temperature of the light emitting diode using thedetected magnitude of the forward voltage of the light emitting diodeand determining a smoke condition within the chamber space using thecalculated temperature of the light emitting diode.

In some other embodiments, a hazard detection system may include achamber body defining a chamber space, a light emitting diode operativeto emit light with an emitted magnitude, a first light detecting diode,an optical coupling structure operative to enable a first portion of theemitted light with a detected magnitude to be detected by the firstlight detecting diode, enable a second portion of the emitted light tobe emitted into the chamber space, and maintain a constant ratio betweenthe value of the emitted magnitude and the value of the detectedmagnitude despite variation in the value of the emitted magnitude, asecond light detecting diode operative to detect the second portion ofthe emitted light, and a processing subsystem operative to determine thecurrent value of the detected magnitude based on the current value of apower characteristic of the first light detecting diode, compare thedetermined current value of the detected magnitude with a particularvalue, dictate the value of a power characteristic of the light emittingdiode based on the comparison, and determine a current particular smokecondition within the chamber space based on the current amount of thesecond portion of the emitted light detected by the second lightdetecting diode.

In some other embodiments, a method for operating a hazard detectionsystem may be provided, wherein the hazard detection system includes achamber body defining a chamber space, an optoelectronic emitter, afirst optoelectronic detector, a second optoelectronic detector, anoptical coupling structure ensuring a light path between theoptoelectronic emitter and the first optoelectronic detector, and aprocessing subsystem. The method may include emitting light from theoptoelectronic emitter, detecting a first portion of the emitted lightwith the first optoelectronic detector via the optical couplingstructure, detecting a second portion of the emitted light with thesecond optoelectronic detector via the chamber space, varying, with theprocessing subsystem, the value of a power characteristic of theoptoelectronic emitter based on the radiance of the first portion of theemitted light detected with the first optoelectronic detector, anddetermining, with the processing subsystem, a smoke condition within thechamber space based on the radiance of the second portion of the emittedlight detected with the second optoelectronic detector.

In some other embodiments, a method for operating an electronic devicemay be provided, wherein the electronic device includes a chamber bodythat at least partially defines a chamber space, a light emitting diode,and a photodiode. While the light emitting diode is emitting light forenabling the determination of a smoke condition within the chamberspace, the method may include detecting a first portion of the emittedlight with the photodiode. The method may also include dictating theamount of current injected into the light emitting diode based on themagnitude of the first portion of the emitted light detected with thephotodiode.

In some other embodiments, a hazard detection system may include achamber body defining a chamber space, a first light subsystem, a secondlight subsystem, a third light subsystem, and a processing subsystem,wherein the first light subsystem is operative to emit first light intothe chamber space during a first period of a cycle, the second lightsubsystem is operative to detect a first portion of the first lightwithin the chamber space during the first period of the cycle, the thirdlight subsystem is operative to detect a second portion of the firstlight within the chamber space during the first period of the cycle, thesecond light subsystem is operative to emit second light into thechamber space during a second period of the cycle, the first lightsubsystem is operative to detect a first portion of the second lightwithin the chamber space during the second period of the cycle, thethird light subsystem is operative to detect a second portion of thesecond light within the chamber space during the second period of thecycle, and the processing subsystem is operative to determine acharacteristic of a hazard particle within the chamber space based onthe radiance of each one of the first portion of the first light, thesecond portion of the first light, the first portion of the secondlight, and the second portion of the second light.

In some other embodiments, a method for operating a hazard detectionsystem may be provided, wherein the hazard detection system includes achamber body defining a chamber space, a first optoelectronic subsystem,a second optoelectronic subsystem, a third optoelectronic subsystem, anda processing subsystem. The method may include emitting first light intothe chamber space from the first optoelectronic subsystem, detecting afirst portion of the first emitted light with the second optoelectronicsubsystem, detecting a second portion of the first emitted light withthe third optoelectronic subsystem, after the emitting the first light,emitting second light into the chamber space from one of the secondoptoelectronic subsystem and the third optoelectronic subsystem,detecting a first portion of the second emitted light with the firstoptoelectronic subsystem, detecting a second portion of the secondemitted light with the other one of the second optoelectronic subsystemand the third optoelectronic subsystem, and determining, with theprocessing subsystem, a characteristic of a hazard particle within thechamber space based on the radiance of each one of the first portion ofthe first light, the second portion of the first light, the firstportion of the second light, and the second portion of the second light.

In some other embodiments, a method may be provided for operating ahazard detection system, wherein the hazard detection system includes achamber body defining a chamber space, a first optoelectronic subsystem,a second optoelectronic subsystem, and a third optoelectronic subsystem.The method may include emitting first light from the firstoptoelectronic subsystem into the chamber space, detecting anobscuration portion of the first emitted light with the secondoptoelectronic subsystem, detecting a backscattered portion of the firstemitted light with the third optoelectronic subsystem, after theemitting the first light, emitting second light from the secondoptoelectronic subsystem into the chamber space, detecting anobscuration portion of the second emitted light with the firstoptoelectronic subsystem, and detecting a forward scattered portion ofthe second emitted light with the third optoelectronic subsystem.

In some other embodiments, a method may be provided for operating ahazard detection system, wherein the hazard detection system includes achamber body defining a chamber space, a first optoelectronic subsystem,a second optoelectronic subsystem, a third optoelectronic subsystem, anda fourth optoelectronic subsystem. The method may include emitting firstlight from the first optoelectronic subsystem into the chamber space,detecting a backscattered portion of the first emitted light with thesecond optoelectronic subsystem, detecting a forward scattered portionof the first emitted light with the third optoelectronic subsystem,after the emitting the first light, emitting second light from thefourth optoelectronic subsystem into the chamber space, detecting aforward scattered portion of the second emitted light with the secondoptoelectronic subsystem, and, detecting a backscattered portion of thesecond emitted light with the third optoelectronic subsystem.

Various refinements of the features noted above may be used in relationto various aspects of the present disclosure. Further features may alsobe incorporated in these various aspects as well. These refinements andadditional features may be used individually or in any combination. Forinstance, various features discussed below in relation to one or more ofthe illustrated embodiments may be incorporated into any of theabove-described aspects of the present disclosure alone or in anycombination. Unless otherwise stated, features described in the contextof one example may be combined or used with features described in thecontext of one or more other examples. The summary presented above isintended only to familiarize the reader with certain aspects andcontexts of embodiments of the present disclosure without limitation tothe claimed subject matter.

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the embodimentsdiscussed herein may be realized by reference to the remaining portionsof the specification and the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The discussion below makes reference to the following drawings, in whichlike reference characters may refer to like parts throughout, and inwhich:

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative diagram of an enclosure with a hazarddetection system, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 2 shows an illustrative block diagram of a hazard detection systembeing used in an illustrative enclosure, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 3 shows an illustrative block diagram showing various components ofa hazard detection system with optoelectronic components for handlingtemperature variation, according to some embodiments;

FIGS. 3A-3H show schematic views of exemplary portions of the hazarddetection system of FIG. 3, according to some embodiments;

FIG. 4 shows an illustrative timing diagram, according to someembodiments; and

FIGS. 5-13 show illustrative flowcharts of illustrative processes foroperating a hazard detection system, according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation,numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the various embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in theart will realize that these various embodiments are illustrative onlyand are not intended to be limiting in any way. Other embodiments willreadily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit ofthis disclosure.

In addition, for clarity purposes, not all of the routine features ofthe embodiments described herein are shown or described. One of ordinaryskill in the art would readily appreciate that in the development of anysuch actual embodiment, numerous embodiment-specific decisions may berequired to achieve specific design objectives. These design objectiveswill vary from one embodiment to another and from one developer toanother. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effortmight be complex and time-consuming but would nevertheless be a routineengineering undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art havingthe benefit of this disclosure.

It is to be appreciated that while one or more hazard detection systemsmay be described further herein in the context of being used in aresidential home, such as a single-family residential home, the scope ofthe present teachings is not so limited. More generally, hazarddetection systems may be applicable to a wide variety of enclosures suchas, for example, duplexes, townhomes, multi-unit apartment buildings,hotels, retail stores, office buildings, and industrial buildings. It isto be understood that the term enclosure may also be a non-containedenvironment that may be protected by a hazard detection system of thisdisclosure, such as an outdoor shopping mall or outdoor patio or anyspace that may be either partially or completely indoors or outdoors.Further, it is understood that while the terms user, customer,installer, homeowner, occupant, guest, tenant, landlord, repair person,and the like may be used to refer to the person or persons who areinteracting with the hazard detector in the context of one or morescenarios described herein, these references are by no means to beconsidered as limiting the scope of the present teachings with respectto the person or persons who may be performing such actions.

Smoke detectors may generally work according to an ionization techniqueor a light scattering technique. Conventional ionization techniques mayuse a radioactive source to ionize air within the smoke chamber. Theradioactive source may typically be Americium-241 and can convert airmolecules into positive and negative ions. In a conventional radioactiveionization smoke detector, a small amount of radioactive material may beplaced between two electrically charged plates. The radiation emittingfrom the radioactive material may ionize the air between the plates andmay cause a current to flow between the plates. When smoke enters thesmoke chamber, it may disrupt ionization of the air, thereby reducingthe current flow. Particularly, the ions may bond with the smoke or maybe displaced by the smoke, thus breaking the current flow between thetwo plates. When this reduced current flow is detected, an alarm may beactivated. In conventional ionization smoke detectors, the radioactivesource may serve as the ionization source. Use of radioactive materials,however, may not be desired, and some jurisdictions outlaw their use incommercial products such as smoke detectors.

The light scattering technique may be used in a photoelectric smokealarm. In a photoelectric smoke alarm, a light source may be aimed intoa sensing chamber at an angle away from a sensor. Smoke may enter thechamber, which may scatter light onto a light sensor, thereby triggeringan alarm. Embodiments discussed herein may operate in connection with asmoke chamber containing one or at least two optical sources, eachoperating at a different wavelength (e.g., infrared and blue), that mayproject light energy into the chamber. One or more sensors can monitorfor scattered light when smoke and/or other particles enter the chamber.Multiple optical sources may be used so that different sized particlescan be detected, thereby enabling various algorithms to use the data tomake more informed decisions when operating the hazard detection system.For example, white/gray smoke may have different mean particle sizesthan black smoke. In addition, smoke from fast burning fires may havedifferent mean particle sizes than smoldering fires. Mean particle sizesmay also differ based on the material that is burning. In addition,moisture particles may have different mean particles size than smokeparticles and dust.

The optical sources may typically be light emitting diodes (LEDs) thatmay emit light energy when power is applied. For example, a blue LED mayemit light energy in the blue electromagnetic spectrum and an infrared(IR) LED may emit light energy in the infrared electromagnetic spectrum.Different LEDs may exhibit different forward voltage drops based on acombination of factors, such as semiconductor physics, output current,temperature, and/or manufacturing variances. For example, an IR LED mayhave a first voltage drop of about 2.1 volts and a blue LED may have asecond voltage drop of about 3.4 volts. The different forward voltagedrops may require the supply of different voltages within the system inorder to adequately power the LEDs. In addition, in order for the LEDsto produce consistent light output, so that consistent and reliablesmoke readings may be taken, each LED may be supplied with asubstantially constant current using circuitry according to variousembodiments described herein.

A power characteristic of an optoelectronic component (e.g., a forwardvoltage of a light emitting diode) of the hazard detection system may beused to determine a temperature of an environment of the hazarddetection system. A power characteristic of an optoelectronic componentof the hazard detection system (e.g., a forward voltage of a lightemitting diode) may be used to determine a smoke condition of anenvironment of the hazard detection system. Optoelectronic components(e.g., a light emitting diode and a photodiode) of the hazard detectionsystem may be optically coupled to determine a smoke condition of anenvironment of the hazard detection system.

Turning to the figures, FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplaryenclosure 100 that may include and use a hazard detection system 105,remote hazard detection system 107, thermostat 110, remote thermostat112, heating, cooling, and ventilation (HVAC) system 120, router 122,computer 124, and/or central panel 130 in accordance with someembodiments (e.g., as a smart home environment). Enclosure 100 can be,for example, a single-family dwelling, a duplex, an apartment within anapartment building, a warehouse, or a commercial structure such as anoffice or retail store. Hazard detection system 105 can be batterypowered, line powered, or line powered with a battery backup. Hazarddetection system 105 can include one or more processors, multiplesensors, non-volatile storage, and other circuitry to provide desiredsafety monitoring and user interface features. Some user interfacefeatures may only be available in line powered embodiments due tophysical limitations and power constraints. In addition, some featurescommon to both line and battery powered embodiments may be implementeddifferently. Hazard detection system 105 can include, for example, thefollowing components: low power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN)circuitry, a system processor, a safety processor, non-volatile memory(e.g., Flash), Wi-Fi circuitry, an ambient light sensor (ALS), a smokesensor, a carbon monoxide (CO) sensor, a temperature sensor, a humiditysensor, a noise sensor, one or more ultrasonic sensors, a passiveinfra-red (PIR) sensor, a microphone, a speaker, one or more lightemitting diodes (LED's), one or more light detecting diodes (e.g.,photodiodes), any other suitable optoelectronics, an alarm buzzer, andthe like.

Hazard detection system 105 can monitor environmental conditionsassociated with enclosure 100 and alarm occupants when an environmentalcondition exceeds a predetermined threshold. The monitored conditionscan include, for example, smoke, heat, humidity, carbon monoxide, radon,methane, and other gasses. In addition to monitoring the safety of theenvironment, hazard detection system 105 can provide several userinterface features not found in conventional alarm systems. These userinterface features can include, for example, vocal or other suitableaudible alarms, voice setup instructions, cloud communications (e.g.,push monitored data to the cloud, or push notifications to a mobiletelephone, or receive software updates from the cloud), device-to-devicecommunications (e.g., communicate with other hazard detection systems inthe enclosure), visual safety indicators (e.g., display of a green lightmay indicate that no anomalous conditions are detected and display of ared light may indicate danger), tactile and non-tactile input commandprocessing, and software updates.

Hazard detection system 105 can monitor other conditions that may notnecessarily be tied to hazards, per se, but can be configured to performa security role. In the security role, system 105 may monitor occupancy(e.g., using a motion detector), ambient light, sound, remote conditionsprovided by remote sensors (e.g., door sensors, window sensors, and/ormotion sensors). In some embodiments, system 105 can perform both hazardsafety and security roles, and, in other embodiments, system 105 mayperform one of a hazard safety role and a security role.

Hazard detection system 105 can implement multi-criteria state machinesaccording to various embodiments to provide advanced hazard detectionand advanced user interface features such as pre-alarms. In addition,multi-criteria state machines can manage alarming states andpre-alarming states and can include one or more sensor state machinesthat can control the alarming states and/or one or more system statemachines that control the pre-alarming states. Each state machine cantransition among any one of its states based on sensor data values, hushevents, and/or transition conditions. The transition conditions candefine how a state machine may transition from one state to another, andultimately, how hazard detection system 105 may operate. Hazarddetection system 105 can use a dual processor arrangement to execute themulti-criteria state machines according to various embodiments. The dualprocessor arrangement may enable hazard detection system 105 to managethe alarming and pre-alarming states in a manner that may use minimalpower while simultaneously providing failsafe hazard detection andalarming functionalities. Additional details of the various embodimentsof hazard detection system 105 are discussed below.

Enclosure 100 can include any number of hazard detection systems. Forexample, as shown, hazard detection system 107 may be another hazarddetection system, which may be similar to system 105. In one embodiment,both systems 105 and 107 can be battery powered systems. In anotherembodiment, system 105 may be line powered, and system 107 may bebattery powered. Moreover, a hazard detection system can be installedoutside of enclosure 100.

Thermostat 110 can be one of several thermostats that may control HVACsystem 120. Thermostat 110 can be referred to as the “primary”thermostat because it may be electrically connected to actuate all orpart of an HVAC system, by virtue of an electrical connection to HVACcontrol wires (e.g., W, G, Y, etc.) leading to HVAC system 120.Thermostat 110 can include one or more sensors to gather data from theenvironment associated with enclosure 100. For example, a sensor may beused to detect occupancy, temperature, light and other environmentalconditions within enclosure 100. Remote thermostat 112 can be referredto as an “auxiliary” thermostat because it may not be electricallyconnected to actuate HVAC system 120, but it too may include one or moresensors to gather data from the environment associated with enclosure100 and can transmit data to thermostat 110 via a wired or wirelesslink. For example, thermostat 112 can wirelessly communicate with andcooperates with thermostat 110 for improved control of HVAC system 120.Thermostat 112 can provide additional temperature data indicative of itslocation within enclosure 100, provide additional occupancy information,and/or provide another user interface for the user (e.g., to adjust atemperature setpoint).

Hazard detection systems 105 and 107 can communicate with thermostat 110or thermostat 112 via a wired or wireless link. For example, hazarddetection system 105 can wirelessly transmit its monitored data (e.g.,temperature and occupancy detection data) to thermostat 110 so that itmay be provided with additional data to make better informed decisionsin controlling HVAC system 120. Moreover, in some embodiments, data maybe transmitted from one or more of thermostats 110 and 112 to one ormore of hazard detections systems 105 and 107 via a wired or wirelesslink.

Central panel 130 can be part of a security system or other mastercontrol system of enclosure 100. For example, central panel 130 may be asecurity system that may monitor windows and doors for break-ins, andmonitor data provided by motion sensors. In some embodiments, centralpanel 130 can also communicate with one or more of thermostats 110 and112 and hazard detection systems 105 and 107. Central panel 130 mayperform these communications via wired link, wireless link, or acombination thereof. For example, if smoke is detected by hazarddetection system 105, central panel 130 can be alerted to the presenceof smoke and may make the appropriate notification, such as displayingan indicator that a particular zone within enclosure 100 is experiencinga hazard condition.

Enclosure 100 may further include a private network accessiblewirelessly and/or through wired connections and may also be referred toas a Local Area Network or LAN. Network devices on the private networkcan include hazard detection systems 105 and 107, thermostats 110 and112, computer 124, and/or central panel 130. In one embodiment, theprivate network may be implemented using router 122, which can providerouting, wireless access point functionality, firewall and multiplewired connection ports for connecting to various wired network devices,such as computer 124. Wireless communications between router 122 andnetworked devices can be performed using an 802.11 protocol or any othersuitable protocol. Router 122 can further provide network devices accessto a public network, such as the Internet or the Cloud, through acable-modem, DSL modem and an Internet service provider or provider ofother public network services. Public networks like the Internet aresometimes referred to as a Wide-Area Network or WAN.

Access to the Internet, for example, may enable networked devices suchas system 105 or thermostat 110 to communicate with a device or serverremote to enclosure 100. The remote server or remote device can host anaccount management program that may manage various networked devicescontained within enclosure 100. For example, in the context of hazarddetection systems according to embodiments discussed herein, system 105can periodically upload data to the remote server via router 122. Inaddition, if a hazard event is detected, the remote server or remotedevice can be notified of the event after system 105 may communicate thenotice via router 122. Similarly, system 105 can receive data (e.g.,commands or software updates) from the account management program viarouter 122.

Hazard detection system 105 can operate in one of several differentpower consumption modes. Each mode can be characterized by the featuresperformed by system 105 and the configuration of system 105 to consumedifferent amounts of power. Each power consumption mode may correspondto a quantity of power consumed by hazard detection system 105, and thequantity of power consumed can range from a lowest quantity to a highestquantity. One of the power consumption modes may correspond to thelowest quantity of power consumption, and another power consumption modemay correspond to the highest quantity of power consumption, and allother power consumption modes may fall somewhere between the lowest andthe highest quantities of power consumption. Examples of powerconsumption modes can include an Idle mode, a Log Update mode, aSoftware Update mode, an Alarm mode, a Pre-Alarm mode, a Hush mode, anda Night Light mode. These power consumption modes are merelyillustrative and are not meant to be limiting. Additional or fewer powerconsumption modes may exist. Moreover, any definitional characterizationof the different modes described herein is not meant to be allinclusive, but rather, is meant to provide a general context of eachmode.

FIG. 2 shows an illustrative block diagram of hazard detection system205 being used in an illustrative enclosure 200 in accordance with someembodiments. FIG. 2 also shows optional hazard detection system 207 androuter 222. Hazard detection systems 205 and 207 can be similar tohazard detection systems 105 and 107 in FIG. 1, enclosure 200 can besimilar to enclosure 100 in FIG. 1, and router 222 can be similar torouter 122 in FIG. 1. Hazard detection system 205 can include severalcomponents, including system processor 210, high-power wirelesscommunications circuitry 212 and antenna, low-power wirelesscommunications circuitry 214 and antenna, non-volatile memory 216,speaker 218, sensors 220, which can include one or more safety sensors221 and one or more non-safety sensors 223, safety processor 230, alarm234, power source 240, power conversion circuitry 242, high qualitypower circuitry 243, and power gating circuitry 244. Hazard detectionsystem 205 may be operative to provide failsafe safety detectionfeatures and user interface features using circuit topology and powerbudgeting methods that may minimize power consumption.

Hazard detection system 205 can use a bifurcated processor circuittopology for handling the features of system 205. Both system processor210 and safety processor 230 can exist on the same circuit board withinsystem 205, but may perform different tasks. System processor 210 may bea larger more capable processor that can consume more power than safetyprocessor 230. System processor 210 can be operative to process userinterface features. For example, processor 210 can direct wireless datatraffic on both high and low power wireless communications circuitries212 and 214, access non-volatile memory 216, communicate with processor230, and/or cause audio to be emitted from speaker 218. As anotherexample, processor 210 can monitor data acquired by one or more sensors220 to determine whether any actions need to be taken (e.g., shut off ablaring alarm in response to a user detected action to hush the alarm).

Safety processor 230 can be operative to handle safety related tasks ofsystem 205. Safety processor 230 can poll one or more of sensors 220and/or activate alarm 234 when one or more of sensors 220 indicate ahazard event is detected. Processor 230 can operate independently ofprocessor 210 and/or can activate alarm 234 regardless of what stateprocessor 210 may be in. For example, if processor 210 is performing anactive function (e.g., performing a Wi-Fi update) or is shut down due topower constraints, processor 230 can activate alarm 234 when a hazardevent is detected. In some embodiments, software running on processor230 may be permanently fixed and may never be updated via a software orfirmware update after system 205 leaves the factory. In otherembodiments, processor 230 may be updated when system 205 is in thefield.

Compared to processor 210, processor 230 may be a less power consumingprocessor. Thus, by using processor 230 in lieu of processor 210 tomonitor a subset of sensors 220 may yield a power savings. If processor210 were to constantly monitor sensors 220, the power savings may not berealized. In addition to the power savings realized by using processor230 for monitoring the subset of sensors 220, bifurcating the processorsmay also ensure that the safety monitoring and core alarming features ofsystem 205 may operate regardless of whether processor 210 isfunctioning. By way of example and not by way of limitation, systemprocessor 210 can include a relatively high-powered processor such asFreescale Semiconductor K24 or K60 Microcontroller, while safetyprocessor 230 may comprise a relatively low-powered processor such as aFreescale Semiconductor KL16 Microcontroller. Overall operation ofhazard detection system 205 may entail a judiciously architectedcooperation of system processor 210 and safety processor 230, wheresystem processor 210 may perform selected higher-level, advancedfunctions that may not have been conventionally associated with hazarddetection units (e.g., more advanced user interface and communicationsfunctions; various computationally-intensive algorithms to sensepatterns in user behavior or patterns in ambient conditions; algorithmsfor governing, for example, the brightness of an LED night light as afunction of ambient brightness levels; algorithms for governing, forexample, the sound level of an onboard speaker for home intercomfunctionality; algorithms for governing, for example, the issuance ofvoice commands to users; algorithms for uploading logged data to acentral server; algorithms for establishing network membership; and soforth), and where safety processor 230 may perform the more basicfunctions that may have been more conventionally associated with hazarddetection units (e.g., smoke and CO monitoring, actuation ofshrieking/buzzer alarms upon alarm detection, and so forth). By way ofexample and not by way of limitation, system processor 210 may consumeon the order of 18 mW when it is in a relatively high-power active stateand performing one or more of its assigned advanced functionalities,whereas safety processor 230 may only consume on the order of 0.05 mWwhen it is performing its basic monitoring functionalities. However,again by way of example and not by way of limitation, system processor210 may consume only on the order of 0.005 mW when in a relativelylow-power inactive state, and the advanced functions that it may performmay be judiciously selected and timed such that system processor 210 maybe in the relatively high power active state only about 0.05% of thetime, and may spend the rest of the time in the relatively low-powerinactive state. Safety processor 230, while only requiring an averagepower draw of 0.05 mW when it may be performing its basic monitoringfunctionalities, may of course be performing its basic monitoringfunctionalities 100% of the time. According to one or more embodiments,a judiciously architected functional overlay of system processor 210 andsafety processor 230 may be designed such that hazard detection system205 can perform basic monitoring and shriek/buzzer alarming for hazardconditions even in the event that system processor 210 is inactivated orincapacitated, by virtue of the ongoing operation of safety processor230. Therefore, while system processor 210 may be configured andprogrammed to provide many different capabilities for making hazarddetection unit 205 an appealing, desirable, updatable, easy-to-use,intelligent, network-connected sensing and communications node forenhancing the smart-home environment, its functionalities may beadvantageously provided in the sense of an overlay or adjunct to thecore safety operations governed by safety processor 230, such that evenin the event that there are operational issues or problems with systemprocessor 210 and its advanced functionalities, the underlyingsafety-related purpose and functionality of hazard detector 205 byvirtue of the operation of safety processor 230 may continue on, with orwithout system processor 210 and its advanced functionalities.

High power wireless communications circuitry 212 can be, for example, aWi-Fi module capable of communicating according to any of the 802.11protocols. For example, circuitry 212 may be implemented using Wi-Fipart number BCM43362, available from Broadcom and that may be mounted toa module available from Murata. Depending on an operating mode of system205, circuitry 212 can operate in a low power “sleep” state or a highpower “active” state. For example, when system 205 may be in an Idlemode, circuitry 212 can be in the “sleep” state. When system 205 may bein a non-Idle mode such as a Wi-Fi update mode, software update mode, oralarm mode, circuitry 212 can be in an “active” state. For example, whensystem 205 may be in an active alarm mode, high power circuitry 212 maycommunicate with router 222 so that a message can be sent to a remoteserver or device.

Low power wireless communications circuitry 214 can be a low powerWireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) module or a ZigBee modulecapable of communicating according to an 802.15.4 protocol. In someembodiments, low power wireless communications circuitry 214 may serveas a node in a fabric network of devices. In another embodiment,circuitry 214 can be part number EM357 or EM3581 system on chip (SoC)available from Silicon Laboratories. In some embodiments, circuitry 214can include Bluetooth Low Energy circuitry. Depending on the operatingmode of system 205, circuitry 214 can operate in a relatively low power“sleep” state or a relatively high power “awake” state. When system 205is in the Idle mode, Wi-Fi update mode, or software update mode,circuitry 214 can be in the “sleep” state. Circuitry 214 may transitionfrom the sleep state to the awake state in response to receipt of a wakepacket (e.g., transmitted by another device) or in response to a statechange in one of the state machines running on system 205. When system205 may be in an Alarm mode, circuitry 214 can transmit data (e.g.,fabric messages) so that the low power wireless communications circuitryin system 207 can receive data indicating that system 205 is alarming.Thus, even though it is possible for high power wireless communicationscircuitry 212 to be used for listening for alarm events, it can be morepower efficient to use low power circuitry 214 for this purpose. Powersavings may be further realized when several hazard detection systems orother systems having low power circuitry 214 may form an interconnectedwireless network (e.g., a fabric network).

Power savings may also be realized because in order for low powercircuitry 214 to continually listen for data transmitted from other lowpower circuitry, circuitry 214 may constantly be operating in a “sleep”state. This state may consume power, and although it may consume morepower than high power circuitry 212 operating in a sleep state, thepower saved versus having to periodically activate high power circuitry214 can be substantial. When high power circuitry 212 is in an activestate and low power circuitry 214 is in an awake state, high powercircuitry 212 can consume substantially more power than low powercircuitry 214.

In some embodiments, low power wireless communications circuitry 214 canbe characterized by its relatively low power consumption and its abilityto wirelessly communicate according to a first protocol characterized byrelatively low data rates, and high power wireless communicationscircuitry 212 can be characterized by its relatively high powerconsumption and its ability to wirelessly communicate according to asecond protocol characterized by relatively high data rates.

In some embodiments, low power wireless communications circuitry 214 maybe a mesh network compatible module that may not require a distinguishedaccess point in order to communicate to devices in a network. Meshnetwork compatibility can include provisions that may enable meshnetwork compatible modules to keep track of other nearby mesh networkcompatible modules so that data can be passed through neighboringmodules. Mesh network compatibility may be essentially the hallmark ofthe 802.15.4 protocol. In contrast, high power wireless communicationscircuitry 212 may not be a mesh network compatible module and mayrequire an access point or router in order to communicate to devices ina network. Thus, if a first device having circuitry 212 wants tocommunicate data to another device having circuitry 212, the firstdevice may have to communicate with the access point or router, whichmay then transmit the data to the second device. There may be nodevice-to-device communication per se using circuitry 212.

Non-volatile memory 216 can be any suitable permanent memory storagesuch as, for example, NAND Flash, a hard disk drive, NOR, ROM, or phasechange memory. In one embodiment, non-volatile memory 216 can storeaudio clips that can be played back by speaker 218. The audio clips caninclude installation instructions or warnings in one or more languages.Speaker 218 can be any suitable speaker operable to playback sounds oraudio files. Speaker 218 can include an amplifier (not shown).

Sensors 220 can be monitored by system processor 210 and/or safetyprocessor 230, and can include safety sensors 221 and non-safety sensors223. One or more of sensors 220 may be exclusively monitored by one ofsystem processor 210 and safety processor 230. As defined herein,monitoring a sensor may refer to a processor's ability to acquire datafrom that monitored sensor. That is, one particular processor may beresponsible for acquiring sensor data, and possibly storing it in asensor log, but once the data is acquired, it can be made available toanother processor either in the form of logged data or real-time data.For example, in one embodiment, system processor 210 may monitor one ofnon-safety sensors 223, but safety processor 230 may not monitor thatsame non-safety sensor. In another embodiment, safety processor 230 maymonitor each of the safety sensors 221, but may provide the acquiredsensor data to system processor 210.

Safety sensors 221 can include sensors that may be necessary forensuring that hazard detection system 205 can monitor its environmentfor hazardous conditions and/or alert users when hazardous conditionsare detected, and all other sensors not necessary for detecting ahazardous condition or not necessary for enabling such detecting in anaccurate manner may be non-safety sensors 223. In some embodiments,safety sensors 221 may include only those sensors necessary fordetecting a hazardous condition. For example, if the hazardous conditionincludes smoke and fire, then the safety sensors might only include asmoke sensor, and may or may not also include at least one distincttemperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor) and/or a relative humiditysensor (e.g., a temperature sensor may be a safety sensor along with asmoke sensor for sensing a smoke condition if the temperature sensor isconfigured to enable the smoke sensor to sense smoke accurately despitevarying temperatures). Other sensors, such as non-safety sensors, couldbe included as part of system 205, but might not be needed to detectsmoke or fire. As another example, if the hazardous condition includescarbon monoxide, then the safety sensor might be a carbon monoxidesensor, and no other sensor might be needed to perform this task.

Thus, sensors deemed necessary can vary based on the functionality andfeatures of hazard detection system 205. In one embodiment, hazarddetection system 205 can be a combination smoke, fire, and carbonmonoxide alarm system. In such an embodiment, detection system 205 caninclude the following necessary safety sensors 221: a smoke detector, acarbon monoxide (CO) sensor, and/or one or more temperature sensors.Smoke detectors may typically use optical detection, ionization, or airsampling techniques to trigger the smoke condition. Optical scatteringand obscuration detection techniques may use light emitting diodes(LEDs) (e.g., infrared (IR) LEDs) and one or more photodiodes. Whensmoke and/or other matter (e.g., water vapor) enters a smoke chamber,the light emitted by the LED(s) may be scattered, which may enable thephotodiode(s) to detect the scattered light. If no smoke or other matter(e.g., water vapor) is in the smoke chamber, then the photodiode(s) maynot be able to detect the light being emitted by the LED(s). In someembodiments, multiple LEDs may be incorporated in the smoke sensor. EachLED may emit light energy at a different wavelength than the other LEDs.Ionization techniques may use a radioactive material such asAmericium-241 to ionize the air, which may create a measurable currentbetween two detector plates. When smoke particles enter the chamber,they may bind to the ions. The reaction may produce a measurable drop inthe conducted current between detector plates; the resulting drop mayindicate smoke detection. In some geographic locations (e.g., Europe)traditional Americium-241 ionization smoke detectors may be banned byregulatory agencies in part because of the necessity to dispose of aradioactive material at the end of the smoke detector's life. A smokedetector can also use a non-radioactive ionization technique to detectthe presence of smoke and/or other particulate matter. A non-radioactiveionizing detector may use an LED such as an ultraviolet emitting LEDwith a photocatalyst coating. The photocatalyst may generate ions whenlight (e.g., UV light) passes through it. When these ions are displacedor neutralized by smoke and/or other matter, the detector may detect achange in current between two plates and may register a smoke event.

A CO sensor can detect the presence of carbon monoxide gas, which, inthe home, may typically be generated by open flames, space heaters,water heaters, blocked chimneys, and automobiles. The material used inelectrochemical CO sensors may typically have a 5-10 year lifespan.Thus, after a 5-10 year period has expired, the CO sensor should bereplaced. A dedicated heat or temperature sensor can be a thermistor,which may be a type of resistor whose resistance may vary based ontemperature. Thermistors can include negative temperature coefficient(NTC) type thermistors or positive temperature coefficient (PTC) typethermistors. A relative humidity sensor may be used to distinguishbetween obscuration caused by smoke and steam or fog. Furthermore, inthis embodiment, detection system 205 can include, for example, thefollowing non-safety sensors 223: a humidity sensor, an ambient lightsensor, a push-button sensor, a passive infra-red (PIR) sensor, and/orone or more ultrasonic sensors. A temperature and humidity sensor canprovide relatively accurate readings of temperature and relativehumidity for the purposes of environmental monitoring and HVAC control.An ambient light sensor (ALS) can detect ambient light and thepush-button sensor can be a switch, for example, that may detect auser's press of the switch. A PIR sensor can be used for various motiondetection features. Ultrasonic sensors can be used to detect thepresence of an object. Such sensors can generate high frequency soundwaves and may determine which wave(s) are received back by the sensor.Sensors 220 can be mounted to a printed circuit board (e.g., the sameboard to which processors 210 and 230 may be mounted), a flexibleprinted circuit board, a housing of system 205, or a combinationthereof.

In some embodiments, data acquired from one or more non-safety sensors223 can be acquired by the same processor that may be used to acquiredata from one or more safety sensors 221. For example, safety processor230 may be operative to monitor both safety and non-safety sensors 221and 223 for power savings reasons, as discussed above. Although safetyprocessor 230 may not need any of the data acquired from non-safetysensor 223 to perform any hazard monitoring and alerting functions, thenon-safety sensor data can be utilized to provide enhanced hazard system205 functionality. The enhanced functionality can be realized inalarming algorithms. For example, the non-sensor data can be utilized bysystem processor 210 to implement system state machines that mayinterface with one or more sensor state machines.

Alarm 234 can be any suitable alarm that may alert users in the vicinityof system 205 of the presence of a hazard condition (e.g., any suitableaudible, visual, and/or tactile alarm). Alarm 234 can also be activatedduring testing scenarios. Alarm 234 can be a piezo-electric buzzer, forexample.

Power source 240 can supply power to enable operation of system 205 andcan include any suitable source of energy. Embodiments discussed hereincan include AC line powered, battery powered, a combination of AC linepowered with a battery backup, and externally supplied DC power (e.g.,USB supplied power). Embodiments that use AC line power, AC line powerwith battery backup, or externally supplied DC power may be subject todifferent power conservation constraints than battery only embodiments.Battery powered embodiments may be designed to manage power consumptionof its finite energy supply such that hazard detection system 205 mayoperate for a minimum period of time. In some embodiments, the minimumperiod of time can be one (1) year, three (3) years, or seven (7) years.In other embodiments, the minimum period of time can be at least seven(7) years, eight (8) years, nine (9) years, or ten (10) years. Linepowered embodiments may not be as constrained because their energysupply may be virtually unlimited. Line powered with battery backupembodiments may employ power conservation methods to prolong the life ofthe backup battery.

In battery only embodiments, power source 240 may include one or morebatteries or a battery pack. The batteries can be constructed fromdifferent compositions (e.g., alkaline or lithium iron disulfide) anddifferent end-user configurations (e.g., permanent, user replaceable, ornon-user replaceable) can be used. In one embodiment, six cells ofLi—FeS2 can be arranged in two stacks of three. Such an arrangement canyield about 27,000 mWh of total available power for system 205.

Power conversion circuitry 242 may include circuitry that may convertpower from one level to another. Multiple instances of power conversioncircuitry 242 may be used to provide the different power levels neededfor the components within system 205. One or more instances of powerconversion circuitry 242 can be operative to convert a signal suppliedby power source 240 to a different signal. Such instances of powerconversion circuitry 242 can exist in the form of buck converters orboost converters. For example, alarm 234 may require a higher operatingvoltage than high power wireless communications circuitry 212, which mayrequire a higher operating voltage than processor 210, such that allrequired voltages may be different than the voltage supplied by powersource 240. Thus, as can be appreciated in this example, at least threedifferent instances of power conversion circuitry 242 may be required.

High quality power circuitry 243 may be operative to condition a signalsupplied from a particular instance of power conversion circuitry 242(e.g., a buck converter) to another signal. High quality power circuitry243 may exist in the form of a low-dropout regulator. The low-dropoutregulator may be able to provide a higher quality signal than that asmay be provided by power conversion circuitry 242. Thus, certaincomponents may be provided with “higher” quality power than othercomponents. For example, certain safety sensors 221, such as smokedetectors and CO sensors, may require a more stable voltage in order tooperate properly than digital circuitry within the system processor 210.Power circuity may be customized to provide specific power signals foreach LED being used in the smoke sensor.

Power gating circuitry 244 can be used to selectively couple andde-couple components from a power bus. De-coupling a component from apower bus may ensure that the component does not incur any quiescentcurrent loss, and therefore can extend battery life beyond that which itmight be if the component were not so de-coupled from the power bus.Power gating circuitry 244 can be a switch such as, for example, aMOSFET transistor. Even though a component may be de-coupled from apower bus and may not incur any current loss, power gating circuitry 244itself may consume a small amount of power. This power consumption,however, may be less than the quiescent power loss of the component.

It is understood that although hazard detection system 205 may bedescribed as having two separate processors, system processor 210 andsafety processor 230, which may provide certain advantages, includingadvantages with regard to power consumption as well as with regard tosurvivability of core safety monitoring and alarming in the event ofadvanced feature provision issues, it is not outside the scope of thepresent teachings for one or more of the various embodiments discussedherein to be executed by one processor or by more than two processors.

FIG. 3 shows a diagram illustrating an exemplary hazard detection system305, which may be similar to hazard detection system 105 of FIG. 1and/or hazard detection system 205 of FIG. 2, and which may be used aspart of a smart home environment with respect to enclosure 300, whichmay be similar to enclosure 100 of FIG. 1 and/or enclosure 200 of FIG.2. In some embodiments, hazard detection system 305 may be a smokedetector that may be configured to detect the presence of smoke withinenclosure space 301 of enclosure 300 and then to initiate an alarm towarn an occupant or occupants of enclosure 300 of a potential fire orother danger. In other embodiments, hazard detection system 305 may be acarbon monoxide detector, heat detector, and/or any other suitablehazard detector for space 301. In some particular embodiments, hazarddetection system 305 may be a multi-sensing detector that may include asmoke detector, carbon monoxide detector, heat detector, motiondetector, and the like for space 301. For convenience in describing theembodiments herein, hazard detection system 305 may be referred tohereinbelow as smoke detector 305, although it should be realized thathazard detection system 305 may include various other devices and thatthe scope of the present teachings is not necessarily limited to hazarddetectors in which smoke is required as one of the anomalies to bedetected. Thus, for example, depending on the particular context aswould be apparent to a person skilled in the art upon reading theinstant disclosure, one or more of the advantageous features andembodiments described herein may be readily applicable to any single ormulti-functional hazard sensor, which for example, may detect smokeonly, or heat only, or smoke and heat only, or smoke and carbon monoxideand motion only, or pollen and motion only, or noise pollution andpollen only, and so forth.

As shown, hazard detection system 305 may include an internal chamberspace 303 that may be defined by an internal chamber body 302 to haveany suitable size and/or shape. At least a portion of chamber space 303may be a portion of enclosure space 301 (e.g., hazard detection system305 may be at least partially or completely positioned within enclosurespace 301). Chamber body 302 may include one or more openings, such asopenings 304 and 304′, that may be operative to allow at least certainfluid (e.g., air, smoke, etc.) to pass from an external space portion301 e of enclosure space 301 into chamber space 303 (e.g., which may bean internal space portion of enclosure space 301) and/or from chamberspace 303 into external space portion 301 e of enclosure space 301. Eachopening 304 may be provided with any suitable baffles and/or may besized or otherwise configured in any suitable manner for preventingother fluid from being communicated between chamber space 303 andexternal space portion 301 e of enclosure space 301 (e.g., bugs, debris,etc.). Hazard detection system 305 may be an optical smoke sensingdevice, a photoelectric smoke sensing device, and/or the like. Forexample, hazard detection system 305 may be a photoelectric oroptoelectronic smoke detector that may include various sensors, whichmay be similar to one or more sensors 220 of FIG. 2, such as a lightemitting subsystem (LES) 350 and a light detecting subsystem (LDS) 380that together may be utilized to detect the presence of smoke withinchamber space 303 that may flow into chamber space 303 from a smokesource within external space portion 301 e of enclosure space 301 (e.g.,a nearby fire). As shown, light emitting subsystem 350 may include anysuitable light emitting component (LEC) 352 (e.g., an optoelectronicemitter or an optoelectronic transmitter, such as a light emitting diode(LED) or the like) that may be operative to emit light L1 into space303, while light detecting subsystem 380 may include any suitable lightdetecting component (LDC) 382 (e.g., an optoelectronic detector or anoptoelectronic receiver, such as a light detecting diode (e.g., aphotodiode), a phototransistor, a photoresistor, any other suitablephotodetector, or the like) that may be operative to detect light L2that may be at least a portion of emitted light L1 as deflected by smokeS (e.g., any suitable particle or particulate of fluid within chamberspace 303 to be detected by hazard detection system 305 (e.g., a hazardparticle, such as any type of smoke)). An axis of any emitted light fromLEC 352 may be offset from an axis of any light detected by LDC 382 byan angle θ of any suitable amount, such as by 30°, so that light L1emitted LEC 352 may not be readily detected by LDC 382 unless smoke S iswithin chamber space 303 (e.g., to scatter light emitted by LEC 352towards LDC 382). Thus, for example, when particles of smoke S existwithin space 303, light L1 emitted by a radiation source LEC 352 may bescattered by one or more of such particles, and, if the scattering issufficient, a radiation detector LDC 382 can detect the scattered lightas light L2. If relatively few or no smoke particles exist within space303 when light L1 is emitted by LEC 352, then light L2 may not besufficiently scattered to be detected by LDC 382 (e.g., an interiorsurface of internal chamber body 302 may absorb light L1 or otherwise beoperative to prevent any portion of light L1 from directed towards LDC382 unless by smoke S).

Light emitting subsystem 350 and light detecting subsystem 380 may beelectrically coupled to a processor 315, which may be similar toprocessor 210 and/or processor 230 of FIG. 2, that may be provided onany suitable circuit board 306 and that may be running any suitableprocessor application 315 a (e.g., any suitable firmware or software,etc.) that may be accessed from and/or used in conjunction with anysuitable processor data 316 d from any suitable memory 316 or other datasource (e.g., a memory that may be similar to memory 216 of FIG. 2),such that, upon detecting the presence of smoke S (e.g., upon detectingsuitable light L2 at LDC 382), an alarm 334, which may be similar toalarm 234 and/or speaker 218 of FIG. 2, may be triggered and/or suchthat other information may otherwise be communicated to componentsmounted on or otherwise electrically coupled with circuit board 306 forwarning a user or other suitable entity. Various components may bemounted on circuit board 306. For example, internal chamber body 302 maybe coupled with or mounted on circuit board 306 and configured to detectthe presence of smoke. In one embodiment, internal chamber body 302 maybe mid-mounted relative to circuit board 306 so that fluid may flow intochamber space 303 both from a portion of external space portion 301 e ofenclosure space 301 above circuit board 306 and from a portion ofexternal space portion 301 e of enclosure space 301 below circuit board306. Processor 315, memory 316, and/or alarm 334 may also be mounted onor otherwise coupled to circuit board 306. Other components, such as amotion sensor, carbon monoxide sensor, and the like (not shown) maylikewise be mounted on circuit board 306. Processor 315 may include anysuitable processing components, such as one or more microprocessorsand/or other processor related components (e.g., one or more analog todigital converters (ADCs), one or more digital to analog converters(DACs), etc.), that may be mounted on circuit board 306 or otherwiseprovided.

Light emitting subsystem 350 may include at least one light emittingcomponent (LEC) 352. LEC 352 may be any suitable component (e.g., anoptoelectronic component) that may be operative to emit light (e.g.,light L1) therefrom, including, but not limited to a light emittingdiode (LED) or any other suitable light-emitting or light-generatingelement or light-generating component that may operate with a forwardvoltage or voltage drop or forward voltage drop that may correlate witha temperature of the component. A power source of hazard detectionsystem 305, which may not be shown in FIG. 3 but which may be similar topower source 240 of FIG. 2, may be configured to provide power to LEC352 (e.g., via LEC circuitry (LECC) 354) for enabling the generation andemittance of light therefrom. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3A,for example, LEC 352 may include any suitable light emitting element 351(e.g., any suitable light emitting diode D) with at least two pins ornodes 351 a and 351 b that may be electrically coupled with LECC 354,which may include a first node O1 and a second node O2. As shown, acurrent (e.g., current I) may flow through LEC 352 (e.g., as may beenabled by a power supply coupled to nodes O1 and O2 of LECC 354 or asmay be enabled by a current source component 354 i of LECC 354).Moreover, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3A, for example, LECC354 may also include any resistance element 354 r or combination ofresistance elements (e.g., any suitable resistor R), which may beprovided (e.g., in series with light emitting element 351) with aparticular resistance for enabling an appropriate value for theoperating current of LEC 352, such that light (e.g., light L1) may beemitted from a semiconductor junction J of light emitting element 351(e.g., at the p-n junction of anode A and cathode C of light emittingdiode D). A forward voltage V_(f) of LEC 352 (e.g., of light emittingelement 351) may be detected or otherwise measured (e.g., across nodes351 a and 351 b) by LECC 354 (e.g., alone or in combination with anysuitable processing by processor 315). Such a forward voltage V_(f) ofLEC 352 may correlate with the temperature of light emitting element 351(e.g., temperature T_(j) at semiconductor junction J of LED D), asdescribed below in more detail. In some embodiments, LEC 352 may includeany suitable light emitting element 351, which may be any suitablelight-emitting diode, including, but not limited to, an inorganiclight-emitting diode, an organic light-emitting diode, a high brightnesslight-emitting diode, a micro-light-emitting diode, anano-light-emitting diode, and the like. In some embodiments, node O2may be coupled to ground or any other suitable element. While FIG. 3Amay show LECC 354 to include a high side current source (e.g., currentsource component 354 i may be coupled to anode A of LED D), LECC 354 mayinclude a low side current sink (e.g., a current sink may be operativeto pull current from light emitting element 351 (e.g., from cathode C ofLED D)).

A forward voltage of LEC 352 of may be dependent on or otherwisecorrelate with the temperature of LEC 352 for a particular currentflowing therethrough, such that detection of the forward voltage V_(f)of LEC 352 may enable determination of the temperature of hazarddetection system 305 at LEC 352. Processor 315 may be configured toenable the determination of and/or the use of the temperature of one ormore light emitting components (e.g., LEC 352) of hazard detectionsystem 305. For example, processor 315 (e.g., when running application315 a) may be operative to receive or otherwise detect from LECC 354 thecurrent or most recent forward voltage V_(f) of LEC 352, to access orotherwise determine any suitable forward voltage-temperature correlatordata for that LEC 352 as a portion of processor data 316 d from memory316 or from any other suitable data source accessible to hazarddetection system 305, and to use such a detected forward voltage V_(f)in combination with such accessed forward voltage-temperature correlatordata to determine the current temperature of that LEC 352. Suchoperations may be repeated by processor 315 at any suitable rate forcontinuously monitoring the current forward voltage of LEC 352, forexample, by continuously receiving updated forward voltage data fromLECC 354 and then using that forward voltage data with suitablecorrelator data for continuously determining the current temperature ofLEC 352. Such a determined current temperature of LEC 352 may be usedfor one or more various purposes (e.g., to determine the ambienttemperature of chamber space 303 and/or of external space portion 301 eof enclosure space 301, to compensate for a temperature coefficient ofthe brightness of light emitted from LEC 352 and/or for a temperaturecoefficient of the brightness of light detected by any suitable LDC(e.g., LDC 382 and/or an LDC of light emitting subsystem 350), etc.).

Forward voltage data may be detected by and provided to processor 315via any suitable circuitry or sensing apparatus coupled to LEC 352(e.g., via nodes 351 a and 351 b (or otherwise) of LECC 354). Correlatordata may be any suitable correlator that may be used to determine thecurrent temperature of LEC 352 based on any value of a detected currentforward voltage V_(f) of LEC 352. For example, such correlator data ofprocessor data 316 d may be a look-up table with multiple distinctassociations between a particular forward voltage of LEC 352 and aparticular temperature, where processor 315 may be enabled to use areceived detected forward voltage V_(f) of LEC 352 to identify aparticular appropriate association of the look-up table of thecorrelator data associated with LEC 352, and where processor 315 maythen determine the particular temperature of that identified particularassociation of the look-up table to be used as the current temperatureT_(j) of LEC 352. As another example, such correlator data of processordata 316 d may be a polynomial curve or equation or slope or dataelement that may approximate the dependence between the forward voltageof LEC 352 and the temperature of LEC 352 at variousvoltages/temperatures, where processor 315 may be enabled to use areceived detected forward voltage V_(f) of LEC 352 in combination withsuch a curve or equation or slope associated with LEC 352 to identifythe appropriate temperature to be used as the current temperature T_(j)of LEC 352.

Such correlator data of processor data 316 d may be defined by a testingprocess carried out on LEC 352 prior to or after incorporating LEC 352in hazard detection system 305 (e.g., a process during which LEC 352 maybe positioned in an environment of a known temperature and then duringwhich the forward voltage of LEC 352 may be measured and associated withthat known temperature, and during which that sub-process may berepeated one or more times after altering the known or otherwisedetectable temperature of the environment). Therefore, such correlatordata associated with LEC 352 may include at least two pre-determineddata sets of associated detected forward voltage V_(f) and detectedjunction temperature T_(j) of LEC 352, such that processor 315 maycalculate an associated correlator slope m of LEC 352 (e.g., in °Celsius/Volt) and such that, when a current forward voltage V_(f) of LEC352 may be detected by processor 315 during use of hazard detectionsystem 305 in enclosure 300, processor 315 may use such a calculatedslope m of LEC 352 in conjunction with that current forward voltageV_(f) to determine the appropriate current junction temperature T_(j) ofLEC 352. Alternatively, such correlator data associated with LEC 352 mayinclude such a slope m, such that, when a current forward voltage V_(f)of LEC 352 may be detected by processor 315 during use of hazarddetection system 305 in enclosure 300, processor 315 may use such aslope m of LEC 352 in conjunction with that current forward voltageV_(f) to determine the appropriate current junction temperature T_(j) ofLEC 352. Alternatively, such correlator data associated with LEC 352 mayinclude one pre-determined data set of associated detected forwardvoltage V_(f) and detected junction temperature T_(j) of LEC 352 as wellas such a slope m of LEC 352, such that processor 315 may determine anappropriate current junction temperature T_(j) of LEC 352 based on suchcorrelator data and a current forward voltage V_(f) of LEC 352. Forexample, the following equation (1) may be used by processor 315 todetermine the current temperature of LEC 352:T _(j-current) =V _(f-current) *m+(T _(j-x)−(V _(f-x) *m)),  (1)where T_(j-current) may be the current temperature of LEC 352 to bedetermined by processor 315 (e.g., in ° Celsius), where V_(f-current)may be the current forward voltage of LEC 352 as may be provided toprocessor 315 by LECC 354 (e.g., via an ADC (not shown)), where V_(f-x)may be a predetermined forward voltage of LEC 352 at a previous time X,where T_(j-x) may be a predetermined temperature of LEC 352 at previoustime X (e.g., where T_(j-x) and V_(f-x) may have been determined duringa testing and/or assembly stage of system 305 (e.g., in a factory) andmay be a portion of the correlator data of LEC 352 accessible byprocessor 315), and where m may be the associated correlator slope m ofLEC 352 (e.g., in ° Celsius/Volt) of the correlator data of LEC 352accessible by processor 315. Alternatively, rather than being a portionof the correlator data of LEC 352 accessible by processor 315, slope mmay be determined by processor 315 by the following equation (2):m=(T _(j-x) −T _(j-y))/(V _(f-x) −V _(f-y)),  (2)where V_(f-y) may be a predetermined forward voltage of LEC 352 at aprevious time Y different than time X, where T_(j-y) may be apredetermined temperature of LEC 352 at previous time Y (e.g., whereT_(j-y) and V_(f-y) may have been determined during a testing and/orassembly stage of system 305 and may be another portion of thecorrelator data of LEC 352 accessible by processor 315), where V_(f-x)may be different than V_(f-y), and where T_(j-x) may be different thanT_(j-y). For example, in such embodiments, rather than slope m beingpredetermined or otherwise known for provisioning as a portion of thecorrelator data of LEC 352 accessible by processor 315, two distinctsets of previously determined forward voltage-temperature correlatordata points for LEC 352 (e.g., V_(f-x), T_(j-x); and V_(f-y), T_(j-y))may be provided as at least a portion of the correlator data of LEC 352accessible by processor 315 for use in determining the currenttemperature of LEC 352.

In some embodiments, in a factory setting or otherwise prior to definingsuch correlator data for LEC 352, at least a portion of hazard detectionsystem 305 including LEC 352 may be held at a first temperature at afirst moment in time (e.g., in a controlled environment of a factorythat may be used for assembling and/or testing system 305) and theforward voltage of LEC 352 at that first temperature may be detected andstored with the value of that first temperature as respective values ofcorrelator data for LEC 352 (e.g., correlator data values V_(f-x) andT_(j-x) at first moment in time X). Then, after that first moment intime, one or more components of hazard detection system 305 that hadbeen off during the previous determination of values V_(f-x) and T_(j-x)of correlator data for LEC 352 may be turned on, whereby such one ormore turned on components of system 305 may generate heat for changingthe temperature of LEC 352 from that first temperature to a differentsecond temperature at a second moment in time, such that the forwardvoltage of LEC 352 at that second temperature may be detected and storedwith the value of that second temperature as respective values ofcorrelator data for LEC 352 (e.g., correlator data values V_(f-y) andT_(j-y) at second moment in time Y). Such components of system 305 maybe wireless communications circuitry (e.g., circuitry similar tocircuitry 212 and/or circuitry 214 of system 205), such as Wi-Fi and/orBluetooth circuitry, and/or any other suitable heat-generatingcomponents of system 305 that may be operative to change the temperatureof LEC 352 when such one or more heat-generating components areactivated. This process of collecting different forward voltage andtemperature values of LEC 352 may enable any environment of system 305to capture and define correlator data for LEC 352 even if theenvironment of system 305 is not able to alter the temperature of LEC352 on its own, but instead may use the ability of system 305 itself toalter the temperature of LEC 352 by ramping up one or more heatgenerating components of system 305 for altering the temperature of LEC352. In some embodiments, the various temperature data points (e.g.,T_(j-x) and T_(j-y)) may be determined using any suitable temperaturesensor(s), such as a temperature sensor that may be proximate to LEC 352during such a process (e.g., a temperature sensor of the assembly and/ormanufacturing environment) and/or permanently (e.g., a temperaturesensor of system 305 (e.g., a temperature sensor of an LEC temperaturesensor subsystem (TSLEC) 360, as described below in more detail)).

Alternatively, rather than using correlator data for LEC 352 that mayinclude one predetermined data set of detected forward voltage andtemperature of LEC 352 and a polynomial curve or equation or slope thatmay approximate the dependence between the forward voltage of LEC 352and the temperature of LEC 352 at various voltages/temperatures and/orrather than using correlator data for LEC 352 that may include twopredetermined data sets of detected forward voltage and temperature ofLEC 352 in combination with a detected current forward voltage of LEC352 so as to determine a current temperature of LEC 352, hazarddetection system 305 may be operative to vary the amount of current Iflowing through LEC 352 and to detect correspondingly varying amounts offorward voltage of LEC 352 in order to determine the current temperatureof LEC 352. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the amount of current Ithat may flow through LEC 352 may be dictated by current sourcecomponent 354 i of LECC 354 and/or by any other suitable manner (e.g.,by a power supply coupled to any suitable nodes of LECC 354). As justone example, within a certain duration of time during which thetemperature of LEC 352 may not be able to vary by more than a certainminimal amount (e.g., the duration of time between time t2 and time t4of diagram 400 of FIG. 4), not only may a first magnitude of current I(e.g., a first magnitude current I₁) be injected into LEC 352 at a firstmoment such that the magnitude of the forward voltage of LEC 352 (e.g.,a first forward voltage V_(f1)) may be detected at that first moment,but also a second magnitude of current I (e.g., a second magnitudecurrent I₂) may then be injected into LEC 352 at a second moment suchthat the magnitude of the forward voltage of LEC 352 (e.g., a secondforward voltage V_(f2)) may be detected at that second moment, all whilethe current temperature T_(j-current) of LEC 352 may remainsubstantially or completely constant. Through such a process, processor315 may be operative to determine that current temperature T_(j) of LEC352 (i.e., T_(j-current)) without using any particular predeterminedcorrelator data for LEC 352 but instead by using the following equation(3):T _(j-current)=((((V _(f1) −V _(f2))/(natural log of (I ₁ /I₂)))*q)/(n*k))+T _(j-x)  (3)where V_(f1) may be the detected forward voltage of LEC 352 (e.g., asmay be made available to processor 315 by LECC 354) when current I of aknown magnitude I₁ is injected into LEC 352 (e.g., by LECC 354), whereV_(f2) may be the detected forward voltage of LEC 352 (e.g., as may bemade available to processor 315 by LECC 354) when current I of a knownmagnitude 12 different from known magnitude I₁ is injected into LEC 352(e.g., by LECC 354), where q may be the known magnitude of charge of anelectron (e.g., the elementary charge (i.e., 1.6021766208×10⁻¹⁹coulombs)), where n may be an appropriate ideality factor or qualityfactor or emission coefficient of diode D of element 351 of LEC 352(e.g. between 1.0 and 2.0), where k may be the Boltzmann constant (i.e.,1.38064852×10⁻²³ joules per kelvin), and where T_(j-x) may be apredetermined temperature of LEC 352 at a previous time X (e.g., whereT_(j-x) may have been determined during a testing and/or assembly stageof system 305 (e.g., in a factory) and may be a portion of thecorrelator data of LEC 352 accessible by processor 315). The minimumtiming between the measurement of V_(f1) and V_(f2) may be determinedusing any suitable variables or characteristics of the system. Forexample, one, some, or all of the following variables may be weighed todetermine the minimum timing, such as (i) the temperature shift that mayoccur from the first current pulse (e.g., when current I₁ is injected),(ii) the rate of change of the ambient temperature, and/or (iii) therate of change of the temperature on board 306 or elsewhere (e.g., dueto system self-heating). As an example, the second measurement (i.e., ofV_(f2)) may be taken at least five (or any other suitable number of)intervals of a time constant TC after the first measurement is taken(i.e., of V_(f1)), such that the temperature of LEC 352 may have settledback close to its original temperature before the first current pulse.Time constant TC may be measured empirically or one or more thermalvariables of LEC 352 (e.g., Rja and/or Cj) may be gathered and used tocalculate an adequate time constant TC. As an example, time constant TCmay be on the order of or less than hundreds of milliseconds. The timeconstant of the self-heating of circuit board 306 may be at leastsomewhat controlled (e.g., in the design phase), but may be ensured tobe longer than time constant TC, and the rate of change of the ambienttemperature may be slow such that it may be ignored or minimallyweighted. In some embodiments, current source component 354 i of LECC354 may include a switch that may be operative to be switched between afirst position at which a first current source of magnitude I₁ iscoupled to node 351 a of LEC 352 and a second position at which a secondcurrent source of magnitude 12 is coupled to node 351 a of LEC 352,where such a switch may be controlled by processor 315 in conjunctionwith processor 315 acquiring different detected magnitudes of theforward voltage of LEC 352 for properly determining the currenttemperature of LEC 352 (e.g., temperature T_(j-current) using equation(3)). Alternatively or additionally, processor 315 may be operative tocouple different power supplies or different amounts of power to LEC 352(e.g., to node O1 of LECC 354) for varying the magnitude of the currentinjected into LEC 352. Alternatively or additionally, circuitry 356 ofFIG. 3C may be used for varying the magnitude of the current injectedinto LEC 352.

Therefore, the current temperature of LEC 352 (e.g., the currenttemperature T_(j-current) of light emitting element 351 (e.g., anysuitable light emitting diode D) of LEC 352 of FIG. 3A) may bedetermined by processor 315 of hazard detection system 305 through usingthe relationship between a voltage of a diode of LEC 352 and thetemperature of that diode of LEC 352 (e.g., through processing both adetected current forward voltage of LEC 352 and any suitablepredetermined correlator data of LEC 352 or by processing two detectedforward voltages of LEC 352 when two known magnitudes of current areinjected into LEC 352 (e.g., within a certain period of time (e.g.,without any predetermined correlator data of LEC 352) or otherwise)).Additionally or alternatively, the current temperature of LDC 382 (e.g.,the current temperature T_(j-current) of a light detecting element 381(e.g., any suitable light detecting diode PD (e.g., a photodiode)) ofLDC 382 of FIG. 3B) may be determined by processor 315 of hazarddetection system 305 through using the relationship between a voltage ora current of a diode of LDC 382 and the temperature of that diode of LDC382 (e.g., through processing both a detected current voltage or currentof LDC 382 (e.g., using any suitable LDC circuitry (LDCC) 384) and anysuitable predetermined correlator data of LDC 382 or by processing twodetected voltages or currents of LDC 382 when two known magnitudes ofcurrent or voltage are injected into or applied across LDC 382 (e.g.,within a certain period of time (e.g., without any predeterminedcorrelator data of LDC 382) or otherwise)). A power source of hazarddetection system 305, which may not be shown in FIG. 3 but which may besimilar to power source 240 of FIG. 2, may be configured to providepower to LDC 382 (e.g., via LDCC 384) for enabling the detection oflight L2. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3B, for example, LDC 382may include any suitable light detecting element 381 (e.g., any suitablelight detecting diode PD (e.g., a photodiode)) with at least two pins ornodes 381 a and 381 b that may be electrically coupled with LDCC 384,which may include a first node O3 and a second node O4. A voltage of LDC382 may be applied or measured across nodes O3 and O4. For example,light detecting element 381 may be biased (e.g., reverse biased) with anexternal voltage V (e.g., a calibration power characteristic value ofvoltage V of light detecting element 381), during which incomingdetected light L2 may increase the current (e.g., reverse current)flowing through light detecting element 381, and such a magnitude ofsuch current may be detected (e.g., by LDCC 384) for determining acurrent brightness of light L2 (e.g., light detecting element 381 itselfmay not be generating energy but may be modulating the flow of energyfrom an external source, where such a mode may be referred to as aphotoconductive mode). A magnitude of a current flowing through LDC 382(e.g., as may be varied by the magnitude of light L2 detected by diodePD of light detecting element 381 of LDC 382 when voltage V is appliedacross element 381 (e.g., at a semiconductor junction J of lightdetecting element 381 (e.g., at a junction of anode A and cathode C oflight detecting diode PD))) may be detected by LDCC 384 in any suitablemanner (e.g., using any suitable circuitry components of LDCC 384), andsuch a detected magnitude of current may be used by processor 315 (e.g.,to determine the temperature T_(j-current) of light detecting diode PDof LDC 382 using any suitable technique (e.g., using one or more ofequations (1)-(3)) and/or to determine a smoke condition of system 305).As another example, in the absence of external bias, light detectingelement 381 may be operative to convert the energy of light L2 intoelectric energy by charging the terminals of light detecting element 381to a voltage, whereby the rate of charge (e.g., as may be detected byLDCC 384) may be proportional to the intensity or brightness of incominglight L2 (e.g., the energy may be harvested and measured by draining thecharge through an external high-impedance path (e.g., of LDCC 384),where such a mode may be referred to as a photovoltaic mode). As justone particular embodiment of circuitry 384, as shown in FIG. 3B,circuitry 384 may include a transimpedance amplifier or any othersuitable component, which may include an amplifier component 384 p,where an inverting input of amplifier component 384 p may be coupled tonode 381 a, a non-inverting input of amplifier component 384 p may becoupled to node O3, and the output of amplifier component 384 p may becoupled to the inverting input of amplifier component 384 p and tocathode C of light detecting element 381 via a filter component 384 f,which may include a resistor-capacitor circuit RC. A voltage V (e.g., aconstant voltage) may be applied to node O3 and a current through lightdetecting element 381 may be detected or a voltage of circuitry 384 maybe detected that may be proportional to the current through lightdetecting element 381. For example, such a current or voltage may bedetected when no light is being detected by light detecting element 381(e.g., between times t1 and t2 described below) to determine thetemperature of LDC 382 (e.g., using an equation similar to equation(1)).

Such determination of the current temperature of LEC 352 and/or of thecurrent temperature of LDC 382 may be utilized by hazard detectionsystem 305 in one or more various ways for effectively handlingtemperature variation within hazard detection system 305. For example,in some embodiments, such a determination of the current temperature ofLEC 352 and/or of the current temperature of LDC 382 without the use ofany distinct temperature sensor (e.g., one or more thermistors) ininternal chamber space 303 may provide one or more of a number ofbenefits. For example, determining the current temperature of LEC 352and/or the current temperature of LDC 382 without the use of anindependent temperature sensor (e.g., temperature sensor (TS) 308 ofFIG. 3) in internal chamber space 303 may reduce the bill of materialscost of system 305, may enable the size and/or shape of internal chamberspace 303 to be smaller and/or different, and/or may obviate the needfor a distinct temperature sensor within a flow path of smoke S withinchamber space 303 that may be prone to breaking and/or to disrupting theflow of smoke S, while still enabling the detection of a temperature ofa location within chamber space 303.

While the current temperature T_(current) of LEC 352 may be determinedthrough using a first temperature coefficient of a diode of LEC 352(e.g., a relationship between a forward voltage V_(f) and a temperatureT_(j) of LED D of LEC 352) rather than through using a dedicatedtemperature sensor, it is to be understood that any suitable dedicatedtemperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor) may instead or additionally beused to determine the current temperature of LEC 352. For example, asshown in FIG. 3, hazard detection system 305 may include an LECtemperature sensor subsystem (TSLEC) 360 (e.g., as a portion of lightemitting subsystem 350) that may include at least one dedicated LECtemperature sensor (TSLE) (e.g., at least one thermistor or any othersuitable temperature sensing component) for detecting the temperature ofLEC 352. As shown, TSLEC 360 may include at least one of TSLE 362 (e.g.,a thermistor or diode or any other suitable temperature sensingcomponent that may be thermally coupled to LEC 352 and that may beprovided on the same die 353 as LEC 352 (e.g., at least partially withinspace 303)), TSLE 364 (e.g., a thermistor or diode or any other suitabletemperature sensing component that may be thermally coupled to LEC 352and provided (e.g., bonded) on the same chip carrier or package 355 asdie 353 of LEC 352 (e.g., at least partially within space 303) but noton die 353), TSLE 366 (e.g., a thermistor or diode or any other suitabletemperature sensing component that may be thermally coupled to LEC 352and that may be provided at least partially within chamber space 303 butnot on package 355 of LEC 352), and/or TSLE 368 (e.g., a thermistor ordiode or any other suitable temperature sensing component that may bethermally coupled to LEC 352 but provided outside of chamber space 303(e.g., on board 306)). Any node(s) of one, some, or all TSLEs of TSLEC360 may be electrically coupled to any suitable TSLE circuitry (TSLECC)369 that may be operative to enable the detection of the temperature ofsuch one or more TSLE(s) by processor 315. Additionally oralternatively, while the current temperature of LDC 382 may bedetermined through using a first temperature coefficient of a diode ofLDC 382 (e.g., a relationship between a voltage or current and atemperature T_(j) of photodiode PD of LDC 382) rather than through usinga dedicated temperature sensor, it is to be understood that any suitablededicated temperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor) may instead oradditionally be used to determine the current temperature of LDC 382.For example, as shown in FIG. 3, hazard detection system 305 may includean LDC temperature sensor subsystem (TSLDC) 390 (e.g., as a portion oflight detecting subsystem 380) that may include at least one dedicatedLDC temperature sensor (TSLD) (e.g., at least one thermistor or anyother suitable temperature sensing component) for detecting thetemperature of LDC 382. As shown, TSLDC 390 may include at least one ofTSLD 392 (e.g., a thermistor or any other suitable temperature sensingcomponent that may be thermally coupled to LDC 382 and that may beprovided on the same die 383 as LDC 382 (e.g., at least partially withinspace 303)), TSLD 394 (e.g., a thermistor or any other suitabletemperature sensing component that may be thermally coupled to LDC 382and that may be provided on the same chip carrier or package 385 as die383 of LDC 382 (e.g., at least partially within space 303) but not ondie 383), TSLD 396 (e.g., a thermistor or any other suitable temperaturesensing component that may be thermally coupled to LDC 382 and that maybe provided at least partially within chamber space 303 but not onpackage 385 of LDC 382), and/or TSLD 398 (e.g., a thermistor or anyother suitable temperature sensing component that may be thermallycoupled to LDC 382 but provided outside of chamber space 303 (e.g., onboard 306)). Any node(s) of one, some, or all TSLDs of TSLDC 390 may beelectrically coupled to any suitable TSLD circuitry (TSLDCC) 399 thatmay be operative to enable the detection of the temperature of such oneor more TSLD(s) by processor 315. Any TSLE of TSLEC 360 and/or any TSLDof TSLDC 390 may be any suitable temperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor,thermocouple, thermometer, silicon bandgap temperature sensor, bimetalsensor, etc.) for detecting the temperature of LEC 352 or LDC 382,respectively. Thermistors can include negative temperature coefficient(NTC) type thermistors and/or positive temperature coefficient (PTC)type thermistors.

Detection of a temperature of any suitable location within chamber space303 (e.g., at the location of LEC 352 and/or the location of LDC 382within or proximal space 303) using any suitable techniques (e.g., byusing a relationship between a voltage and temperature of a diode of LEC352 and/or LDC 382 and/or by using one or more dedicated temperaturesensors thermally coupled to or adjacent LEC 352 and/or LDC 382) may beutilized for determining the temperature of any smoke S within chamberspace 303 and/or for determining the temperature of external spaceportion 301 e of enclosure space 301 that may be distinct from chamberspace 303 but that may be thermally coupled with chamber space 303(e.g., due to opening(s) 304, whereby the temperature of fluid withinspace 303 may have the same or a similar or related temperature to fluidoutside of space 303 within external space portion 301 e of space 301adjacent or near an opening 304, and whereby LEC 352 and/or LDC 382 maybe well thermally coupled with space 303 for emitting light into and/ordetecting light within space 303). Any suitable thermal resistance dataand/or thermal conductance data (e.g., a portion of processor data 316d) that may be predetermined with respect to the temperature of LEC 352and/or LDC 382 and the temperature of any other suitable location (e.g.,any location of system 305 or of enclosure 300) such that thetemperature of that other location (e.g., location N1 within chamberspace 303 and/or location N2 within external space portion 301 e ofenclosure space 301 but not chamber space 303) may be determined usingthat thermal resistance/conductance data (e.g., any suitable thermalresistance/conductance data, such as air flow data, a linear model,thermal coupling constant(s), etc. (e.g., as may be determined duringcalibration of system 305)) and the detected temperature of LEC 352and/or the detected temperature of LDC 382 (e.g., either the detectedtemperature of LEC 352 or the detected temperature of LDC 382 may beused in combination with any thermal resistance/conductance data todetermine the temperature of one or more suitable locations of space301, or both the detected temperature of LEC 352 and the detectedtemperature of LDC 382 may be used in combination with any thermalresistance data to determine the temperature of one or more suitablelocations of space 301). In some embodiments, no thermal resistance datamay be used or the thermal resistance data may be equal to zero when thetemperature of LEC 352 and/or the temperature of LDC 382 may be used asthe ambient temperature to be determined (e.g., as LEC 352 and/or LDC382 may be well thermally coupled to the location of the ambienttemperature due to the flow of fluid through space 303). Alternatively,thermal resistance data may be any suitable data that may be operativeto determine an ambient temperature by processing the temperature of LEC352 and/or the temperature of LDC 382 in combination with any othersuitable data or in any suitable manner. For example, the thermalresistance data may be determined empirically, such as at leastpartially during calibration and using one or more temperature sensorsin the ambient environment. A coefficient matrix (e.g., a time-varyingmatrix of values and coefficients) as may be determined empirically orin simulation may be used (e.g., with a time lag coefficient for one ormore components that may have its temperature determined). Airflowthrough chamber 303 may be determined by comparing the difference intemperature (e.g., temperature gradient) between the determinedtemperatures of different components at different locations withinchamber 303 (e.g., the difference between the temperature of LEC 352 andthe temperature of LDC 382), either over time or at a particular moment,and may determine air flow accordingly.

Any suitable determination of the current temperature of LEC 352 and/orof the current temperature of LDC 382 may alternatively or additionallybe utilized by hazard detection system 305 to compensate for atemperature coefficient of LEC 352 and/or of LDC 382, respectively, forenabling hazard detection system 305 to more accurately detect hazardconditions despite variations in temperature within hazard detectionsystem 305 (e.g., within chamber space 303). For example, thetemperature coefficient (TCLEC) of the brightness of light L1 emittedfrom LEC 352 when a certain current (e.g., current I of FIG. 3A) isinjected into LEC 352 may be any suitable amount (e.g., about −0.8%/°Celsius) and, if such a temperature coefficient does not vary by aparticular amount with temperature, then the following linearapproximation equation (4) may be used to determine the currentbrightness of emitted light L1:B _(LEC) _(_) _(current) =B _(LEC) _(_) _(x)*(1+(α*T _(LEC) _(_)_(current))−(α*T _(LEC) _(_) _(x))),  (4)where B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) may be the current brightness of light L1emitted from LEC 352 when a particular current I is injected into LEC352 while the current temperature of LEC 352 is T_(LEC) _(_) _(current),where a is the brightness temperature coefficient TCLEC of LEC 352(e.g., for that particular current), and where B_(LEC) _(_) _(x) is thepredetermined brightness of light L1 emitted from LEC 352 when the sameparticular current I is injected into LEC 352 while the temperature ofLEC 352 is T_(LEC) _(_) _(x). Such values for B_(LEC) _(_) _(x), T_(LEC)_(_) _(x), the particular current I, and α may be predetermined (e.g.,during calibration or testing of system 305) and may be made availableto processor 315 (e.g., as a portion of processor data 316 d associatedwith the temperature coefficient of LEC 352, for example, as acalibration brightness detected at a calibration temperature using acalibration current for a determined brightness temperature coefficientof an LED of LEC 352). For example, a may be any suitable value, such as−0.8%/° Celsius, and may vary between different LECs (e.g., betweendifferent LEDs). The value for the current temperature T_(LEC) _(_)_(current) of LEC 352 may be determined in any suitable manner, such asby using a local temperature sensor of TSLEC 360 or a relationshipbetween the forward voltage of LEC 352 and its temperature (e.g., atemperature coefficient of the voltage of an LED of LEC 352, asdescribed above), such that processor 315 may be operative to useequation (4) to determine B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) (i.e., to determinethe actual brightness of light L1 emitted from LEC 352 at a particulardetermined current temperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352 when aparticular current I is injected into LEC 352). Alternatively, a look-uptable for LEC 352 may be provided (e.g., as at least a portion ofprocessor data 316 d) that may be used by processor 315 to determineB_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of light L1 for a detected T_(LEC) _(_)_(current) of LEC 352 and a particular current I of LEC 352.

As another example, the temperature coefficient (TCLDC) of the outputlevel of the brightness of light L2 detected by LDC 382 when a certainvoltage is applied across LDC 382 may be any suitable amount (e.g.,about +0.1%/° Celsius) and, if such a temperature coefficient does notvary by a particular amount with temperature, then the following linearapproximation equation (5) may be used to determine the currentbrightness of emitted light L1:B _(LDC) _(_) _(current) =B _(LDC) _(_) _(x)*(1+(γ*T _(LDC) _(_)_(current))−(γ*T _(LDC) _(_) _(x))),  (5)where B_(LDC) _(_) _(current) may be the current output level of thebrightness of light L2 detected by LDC 382 when a particular voltage isapplied across LDC 382 while the current temperature of LDC 382 isT_(LDC) _(_) _(current), where γ is the brightness temperaturecoefficient TCLDC of LDC 382, where B_(LDC) _(_) _(x) is thepredetermined output level of the brightness of light L2 detected by LDC382 when the same voltage is applied across LDC 382 while thetemperature of LDC 382 is T_(LDC) _(_) _(x). Such values for B_(LDC)_(_) _(x), T_(LDC) _(_) _(x), the particular voltage supplied to LDC382, and γ may be predetermined (e.g., during calibration or testing ofsystem 305) and may be made available to processor 315 (e.g., as aportion of processor data 316 d associated with the temperaturecoefficient of LDC 382). For example, γ may be any suitable value, suchas 0.1%/° Celsius, and may vary between different LDCs (e.g., betweendifferent photodiodes). The value for the current temperature T_(LDC)_(_) _(current) of LDC 382 may be determined in any suitable manner,such as by using a local temperature sensor of TSLDC 390 or arelationship between the voltage or current of LDC 382 and itstemperature (e.g., a temperature coefficient of the voltage or currentof a photodiode of LDC 382, as described above) or T_(LDC) _(_)_(current) of LDC 382 may be assumed to be the same as T_(LEC) _(_)_(current) of LEC 352 or the same as T_(LDCL) _(_) _(current) of anyLDCL of DSLEC 370 or the same as any other current temperature of anyother component within space 303 that may be determined in any suitablemanner, such that processor 315 may be operative to use equation (5) todetermine B_(LDC) _(_) _(current) (i.e., to determine the actualbrightness of light L2 detected by LDC 382 at a particular determinedcurrent temperature of LDC 382 when a particular voltage is applied toLDC 382). Alternatively, a look-up table for LDC 382 may be provided(e.g., as at least a portion of processor data 316 d) that may be usedby processor 315 to determine B_(LDC) _(_) _(current) for a detectedT_(LDC) _(_) _(current) of LDC 352 and a particular voltage of LDC 382.

Therefore, determination of the current temperature T_(LEC) _(_)_(current) of LEC 352 may be utilized by processor 315 to determine theactual brightness B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of light L1 emitted by LEC 352despite any variation in the current temperature of LEC 352 bycompensating for that current temperature using appropriate correctiontemperature coefficient data (e.g., TCLEC) and/or determination of thecurrent temperature T_(LDC) _(_) _(current) of LDC 382 may be utilizedby processor 315 to determine the actual brightness B_(LDC) _(_)_(current) of light L2 detected by LDC 382 despite any variation in thecurrent temperature of LDC 382 by compensating for that currenttemperature using appropriate correction temperature coefficient data(e.g., TCLDC). Look-up tables with specific associations between LECtemperature and LEC emitted light brightness and/or with specificassociations between LDC temperature and LDC detected light brightnessmay be accessible by processor 315 (e.g., if the brightness temperaturecoefficient of LEC 352 and/or of LDC 382 does vary by a particularamount with temperature such that a linear approximation equation maynot be used). Such determination of the actual brightness B_(LEC) _(_)_(current) of light L1 emitted by LEC 352 and the actual brightnessB_(LDC) _(_) _(current) of light L2 detected by LDC 382 may be necessaryfor processor 315 to accurately determine the amount of smoke S withinchamber space 303 that is deflecting at least a portion of light L1 toLDC 382 as light L2. Any suitable brightness temperature coefficientdata associated with LEC 352 and/or with LDC 382 may be accessed byprocessor 315 (e.g., as a portion of processor data 316 d) fordetermining the actual brightness of light L1 for a detected currenttemperature of LEC 352 and/or for determining the actual brightness oflight L2 for a detected current temperature of LDC 382, and any suitablesmoke density processing may be used by processor 315 in combinationwith such actual brightness information to determine the current densityof smoke S within chamber space 303 (e.g., a signal value representing aphysical quantity of smoke within chamber space 303 detected by thephotoelectric sensing of system 305), and any suitable alarm thresholddata (e.g., as another portion of processor data 316 d) may be utilizedby processor 315 for determining in conjunction with the determinedsmoke density whether or not any suitable alarm may be initiated orterminated (e.g., using alarm 334).

Hazard detection system 305 may be calibrated according to a specificset of reference values. For example, during calibration, a particularcalibration temperature (e.g., T_(x) or T_(LEC) _(_) _(x) or T_(LDC)_(_) _(x)) may be maintained within space 303 (e.g., at subsystem 350and at subsystem 380) and particular calibration power characteristic(s)may be used for the operation of subsystems 350 and 380 (e.g., aparticular current I may be injected into LEC 352 for enabling itsoperation and/or a particular voltage may be utilized by LDC 382 forenabling its operation), such that a consistent brightness of light L1(e.g., a particular calibration brightness characteristic) may beemitted by LEC 352 while different magnitudes of brightness of light L2may be detected at LDC 382 when different known amounts of smoke S arewithin space 303. Such magnitudes of detected brightness L2 orassociated LDC values (e.g., voltage value(s) output by LDCC 384), whichmay be referred to as LDSO_(detected), may be associated with respectiveknown amounts of smoke S or respective alarm states associated with suchknown amounts of smoke S in any suitable data structure accessible tosystem 305 (e.g., as a portion of data 316 d) during such calibration ofsystem 305. In some embodiments, for a particular smoke condition,LDSO_(detected) may be equal to LDSO_(light)−LDSO_(dark), whereLDSO_(light) may be an output of light detecting subsystem 380 when LEC352 is not emitting any light L1 during the particular smoke condition,and where LDSO_(dark) may be an output of light detecting subsystem 380when LEC 352 is emitting light L1 during the particular smoke condition,each of which may be determined while the particular calibration powercharacteristic(s) are used (e.g., while a particular current I isinjected into LEC 352 to emit light L1 and/or while a particular voltageis applied to LDC 382 to enable measurement of a magnitude of currentgenerated by LDC 382 when certain light L2 is detected (e.g., at LDCC384)). Such a data structure of data 316 d associating detectedoutput(s) LDSO_(detected) of light detecting subsystem 380 withparticular known smoke conditions (e.g., a table of light-smokecorrelation data) may be used by system 305 (e.g., by processor 315)during use of system 305 in the field for identifying a particularcurrent smoke condition based on a detected current particular outputLDSO_(detected) of light detecting subsystem 380. If the temperaturewithin space 303 did not change from the particular calibrationtemperature throughout the use of system 305, then determination of aparticular smoke condition might be achieved by simply using a detectedoutput LDSO_(detected) of light detecting subsystem 380 in combinationwith that light-smoke correlation data. However, variation oftemperature from the particular calibration temperature does occurduring different use cases of system 305 and such temperature variationmay affect one or more components of system 305 and, thus, may affectthe sensitivity of system 305 to detect different smoke conditions.Therefore, the effect of temperature variation from the particularcalibration temperature on one or more components of system 305 ought tobe taken into account when determining a current smoke condition.

Any suitable data detection may be enabled and carried out by system 305to determine a current smoke condition while effectively accounting fortemperature-variation. For example, the following equation (6) may beused to determine a temperature-compensated output of light detectingsubsystem 380 that may be effectively used by processor 315 incombination with previously determined light-smoke correlation data fordetermining a current smoke condition:LDSO _(TC) =LDSO _(detected) −TE _(LEC) −TE _(LDC) −TE _(other),  (6)where LDSO_(TC) may be a temperature-compensated output value of lightdetecting subsystem 380 for a particular smoke detection cycle of system305 that may be used by processor 315 (e.g., rather than anon-compensated output value LDSO_(detected)) in combination withpreviously determined light-smoke correlation data for determining acurrent smoke condition of the particular cycle, where LDSO_(detected)may be a detected output of light detecting subsystem 380 during theparticular cycle that has not been compensated for any temperaturevariance from the particular calibration temperature of system 305,where TE_(LEC) may be an effect of a current temperature of LEC 352during the particular cycle on the determination of the current smokecondition of the particular cycle, where TE_(LDC) may be an effect of acurrent temperature of LDC 382 during the particular cycle on thedetermination of the current smoke condition of the particular cycle,and where TE_(other) may be an effect of a current temperature of anyother component(s) of system 305 during the particular cycle on thedetermination of the current smoke condition of the particular cycle(e.g., a component of a subsystem 370, a component of a subsystem 350′,and/or the like).

In some embodiments, LDSO_(detected) for a particular cycle may bedetermined using the following equation:LDSO _(detected) =LDSO _(light) −LDSO _(dark),  (7)where LDSO_(light) may be an output of light detecting subsystem 380when LEC 352 is not emitting any light L1 during a portion of theparticular cycle, and where LDSO_(dark) may be an output of lightdetecting subsystem 380 when LEC 352 is emitting light L1 during aportion of the particular cycle. For example, in order to detect thepresence of smoke, a process may poll light detecting subsystem 380(e.g., LDCC 384) on a periodic basis (e.g., every cycle) and obtain a“light” reading and a “dark” reading (e.g., every cycle) to calculate asensor value for that cycle. The “light” reading may represent a rawanalog-to-digital (ADC) reading obtained from light detecting subsystem380 when its associated light source (e.g., LDC 352 of light emittingsubsystem 350) is turned ON. The “dark” reading may represent a rawanalog-to-digital (ADC) reading obtained from light detecting subsystem380 when its associated light source (e.g., LDC 352 of light emittingsubsystem 350) is turned OFF. The sensor value for the cycle may becalculated by subtracting the “dark” reading from the “light” reading.

TE_(LEC) may be calculated using the following equation:TE _(LEC) =K _(LEC)*(T _(LEC) _(_) _(current) −T _(LEC) _(_) _(x)),  (8)where K_(LEC) may be any suitable brightness temperature coefficientdata associated with LEC 352 (e.g., temperature gain coefficient orbrightness temperature coefficient TCLEC α of LEC 352), where T_(LEC)_(_) _(current) may be a current temperature of LEC 352 during theparticular cycle, and where T_(LEC) _(_) _(x) may be the calibrationtemperature of LEC 352. Such values for K_(LEC) and T_(LEC) _(_) _(x)may be predetermined (e.g., during calibration or testing of system 305)and may be made available to processor 315 (e.g., as a portion ofprocessor data 316 d associated with the temperature coefficient of LEC352), while the current temperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352during the particular cycle may be determined in any suitable manner(e.g., using one or more of equations (1)-(3) or any suitable TSLE(s) ofTSLEC 360).

Similarly, in some embodiments, TE_(LDC) may be calculated using thefollowing equation:TE _(LDC) =K _(LDC)*(T _(LDC) _(_) _(current) −T _(LDC) _(_) _(x)),  (9)where K_(LDC) may be any suitable brightness temperature coefficientdata associated with LDC 382 (e.g., temperature gain coefficient orbrightness temperature coefficient TCLDC γ of LDC 382), where T_(LDC)_(_) _(current) may be a current temperature of LDC 382 during theparticular cycle, and where T_(LDC) _(_) _(x) may be the calibrationtemperature of LDC 382. Such values for K_(LDC) and T_(LDC) _(_) _(x)may be predetermined (e.g., during calibration or testing of system 305)and may be made available to processor 315 (e.g., as a portion ofprocessor data 316 d associated with the temperature coefficient of LDC382), while the current temperature T_(LDC) _(_) _(current) of LDC 382during the particular cycle may be determined in any suitable manner(e.g., using one or more of equations (1)-(3) or any suitable TSLE(s) ofTSLDC 390).

Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, TE_(other) may becalculated using the following equation:TE _(other) =K _(other)*(T _(ether) _(_) _(current) −T _(other) _(_)_(x)),  (10)where K_(other) may be any suitable temperature gain coefficient orbrightness temperature coefficient data associated with any othercomponent of system 305, where T_(other) _(_) _(current) may be acurrent temperature of that other component during the particular cycle,and where T_(other) _(_) _(x) may be the calibration temperature of thatother component. Such values for K_(other) and T_(other) _(_) _(x) maybe predetermined (e.g., during calibration or testing of system 305) andmay be made available to processor 315 (e.g., as a portion of processordata 316 d associated with the temperature coefficient of that othercomponent), while the current temperature T_(other) _(_) _(current) ofthat other component during the particular cycle may be determined inany suitable manner (e.g., using one or more of equations (1)-(3) or anysuitable temperature sensors proximate or thermally coupled to thatother component). Such another component may be, for example, a LEC ofanother light emitting subsystem (e.g., LEC 352′ of light emittingsubsystem 350′), an LDC that may be optically coupled to LEC 352 (e.g.,any LDCL component of subsystem 370), and/or any other suitablecomponent that may have an effect on the detection of a smoke conditionwhen its temperature varies from its calibration temperature. Forexample, equation (6) may include zero instances of TE_(other) when noother components besides LDC 352 and LDC 382 are to be factored into atemperature compensated output LDSO_(TC) for a particular cycle, asingle instance of TE_(other) when only one other component besides LDC352 and LDC 382 is to be factored into a temperature compensated outputLDSO_(TC) for a particular cycle, or multiple distinct instances ofTE_(other) when multiple distinct components besides LDC 352 and LDC 382are to be factored into a temperature compensated output LDSO_(TC) for aparticular cycle. Each one of the calibration temperatures of equation(6), such as T_(LDC) _(_) _(x) of LEC 352 and T_(LDC) _(_) _(x) of LEC352, may be the same temperature or may differ from component tocomponent.

Therefore, by calculating temperature-compensated output value LDSO_(TC)of light detecting subsystem 380 for a particular smoke detection cycleof system 305 that takes into account the effect of one, some, or eachof the various temperature-affected components of system (e.g., bysubtracting or otherwise removing such effects from a non-compensatedoutput value LDSO_(detected)), processor 315 may be enabled to use amore accurate output value of light detecting subsystem 380 incombination with previously determined light-smoke correlation data formore accurately determining a current smoke condition of the particularcycle. This may enable ultimate precision and/or sensitivity of smokecondition detection by system 305 despite temperature variation duringits use. For example, LDSO_(TC) may be used rather than LDSO_(detected)for a particular cycle in order to identify an associated smokecondition (e.g., by processor 315 in combination with previouslydetermined light-smoke correlation data of data 316 d). In someembodiments, a particular LDSO_(TC) may be used in combination with boththe previously determined light-smoke correlation data of data 316 d anda current detected temperature of system 305 (e.g., a current detectedtemperature of LEC 352 or a calculated temperature of location N1 orlocation N2), such that not only may a current temperature of one ormore components of system 305 be detected and used to calculateLDSO_(TC) from LDSO_(detected), but then a current temperature of anysuitable portion of space 301 as may be calculated in any suitablemanner may also be used in combination with LDSO_(TC) and previouslydetermined light-smoke correlation data of data 316 d to identify aparticular smoke condition or otherwise (e.g., to provide a heatdetection value or ambient temperature value for any suitable purpose).Any suitable processing or equation(s) or look-up tables or otherwisemay be utilized to determine a smoke condition in combination withLDSO_(TC) and/or with a current detected temperature of system 305(e.g., a current detected temperature of LEC 352 and/or a calculatedtemperature of location N1 or location N2) and/or with data from anyother sensors of the system (e.g., a humidity sensor). Such anidentified smoke condition may then be used (e.g., by processor 315) todetermine whether or not to sound an alarm (e.g., alarm 334) or enterinto a different state (e.g., a pre-alarm state), such as by comparingthe identified smoke condition to a threshold.

FIG. 4 shows an illustrative timing diagram 400 for determining certainvalues (e.g., for determining certain components of equation (6), suchas LDSO_(light) and LDSO_(dark) of LDSO_(detected) and/or T_(LDC) _(_)_(current) of TE_(LDC) and/or T_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of TE_(LEC)) inorder to detect a smoke condition with system 305 (e.g., to solve forLDSO_(TC) of equation (6)). For example, as shown, diagram 400 maydepict a single particular cycle that may span between a time t0 and atime t10000, where the duration of time between t0 and t10000 may be anysuitable duration, such as 10 seconds (e.g., such that a durationbetween any two successive time elements, such as t0 and t1, may be 1millisecond). For a majority of the cycle, LDC 382 may not be powered onor otherwise enabled to detect light (e.g., to save power). For example,as shown, a 0 magnitude voltage may be applied to LDC 382 between timet0 and time t1 as well as between time t4 and time t10000. However,between time t1 and time t4, a voltage of magnitude V (e.g., thecalibration power of LDC 382) may be applied to LDC 382 (e.g., for 3milliseconds of a 10 second cycle (e.g., 0.03% of the cycle)). During afirst portion of the time when LDC 382 is enabled, such as between timet1 and time t2, LDC 382 may be enabled while LEC 352 is not emittinglight (e.g., when no current is injected into LEC 352 or LEC 352 isotherwise disabled), such that LDSO_(dark) may be detected during thatspan. During a second portion of the time when LDC 382 is enabled, suchas between time t2 and time t3, LDC 382 may be enabled while LEC 352 isemitting light (e.g., when a current of magnitude I₁ (e.g., thecalibration power of LEC 352) is injected into LEC 352), such thatLDSO_(light) may be detected during that span. During one or more of thefirst portion and/or the second portion of the time when LDC 382 isenabled (e.g., between time t1 and time t2 and/or between time t2 andtime t3), the current temperature T_(LDC) _(_) _(current) of LDC 382 forthe current cycle may be determined (e.g., using one or more ofequations (1) and (2) or using any suitable TSLD of subsystem 390).Additionally or alternatively, during the portion of the time when LEC352 is enabled (e.g., between time t2 and time t3), the currenttemperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352 for the current cycle maybe determined (e.g., using one or more of equations (1) and (2) or usingany suitable TSLE of subsystem 360). Additionally or alternatively,during a portion of the time when LDC 382 is not enabled (e.g., betweentime t4 and time 5001), the current temperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(current)of LEC 352 for the current cycle may be determined (e.g., using one ormore of equations (1) and (2) or using any suitable TSLE of subsystem360), where LEC 352 may have a current injected therethrough to enablethe determination of T_(LEC) _(_) _(current), yet such an injectedcurrent may be significantly less than I₁ or I₂ as the brightness oflight L1 may not be needed to be detected by LDC 382 for hazarddetection purposes, thereby saving some power.

However, if the technique of equation (3) is to be used to determine oneor more of T_(LDC) _(_) _(current) of LDC 382 for the current cycle andT_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352 for the current cycle, then not onlymay the time period between time t2 and time t3 be used to detect afirst characteristic of one or both of LDC 382 and LEC 352 (e.g., todetect a first forward voltage V_(f1) of LEC 352 when a first current ofmagnitude I₁ is injected into LEC 352), but a time period between timet3 and time t4 may be used to detect a second characteristic of one orboth of LDC 382 and LEC 352 (e.g., to detect a second forward voltageV_(f2) of LEC 352 when a second current of magnitude I₂ may be injectedinto LEC 352 and/or to detect LDSO_(light-2) of LDC 382 during thatspan). As mentioned, during a certain duration of time during which thetemperature of LEC 352 may not be able to vary by more than a certainminimal amount (e.g., the duration of time between time t2 and time t4of diagram 400), not only may a first magnitude of current I (e.g., afirst magnitude current I₁) be injected into LEC 352 at a first durationbetween time t2 and time t3 such that the magnitude of the forwardvoltage of LEC 352 (e.g., a first forward voltage V_(f1)) may bedetected at that first duration, but also a second magnitude of currentI (e.g., a second magnitude current I₂) may then be injected into LEC352 at a second duration between time t3 and time t4 such that themagnitude of the forward voltage of LEC 352 (e.g., a second forwardvoltage V_(f2)) may be detected at that second duration, all while thecurrent temperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352 may remainsubstantially or completely constant. Alternatively, such a process maybe done during any suitable time period where such temperatures maychange. Through such a process, processor 315 may be operative todetermine current temperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352 (e.g.,using equation (3)) with or without using any particular predeterminedcorrelator data of LEC 352 or any TSLEs of subsystem 360. Alternativelyor additionally, during such a variation of injected current into LEC352, not only may a first magnitude of current be detected by LDC 382 ata first duration between time t2 and time t3 such that the magnitude ofthe bias of LDC 382 may be detected at that first duration (e.g.,LDSO_(light)), but also a second magnitude of current may be detected byLDC 382 at a second duration between time t3 and time t4 such that themagnitude of the bias of LDC 382 may be detected at that second duration(e.g., LDSO_(light-2)), all while the current temperature T_(LDC) _(_)_(current) of LDC 382 may remain substantially or completely constant.Through such a process, processor 315 may be operative to determinecurrent temperature T_(LDC) _(_) _(current) of LDC 382 (e.g., usingequation (3)) without using any particular predetermined correlator dataof LDC 382 or any TSLDs of subsystem 390. As a particular example, thefollowing two equations (3a) and (3b) may be used to solve for T_(LDC)_(_) _(current) of LDC 382:I _(LDC) _(_) _(light) =K _(L)*(B _(LEC) _(_) _(light) *F _(chamber))+K_(LDC)*(T _(LDC) _(_) _(current) −T _(LDC) _(_) _(x))I _(LDC) _(_)_(dark);  (3a)andI _(LDC) _(_) _(light) _(_) ₂ =K _(L)*(B _(LEC) _(_) _(light) _(_) ₂ *F_(chamber))+K _(LDC)*(T _(LDC) _(_) _(current) −T _(LDC) _(_) _(x))I_(LDC) _(_) _(dark),  (3b)where I_(LDC) _(_) _(dark) may be the amount of current detected to beflowing through LDC 382 between time t1 and time t2 when no light isbeing emitted into space 303, I_(LDC) _(_) _(light) may be the amount ofcurrent detected to be flowing through LDC 382 between time t2 and timet3 when current I₁ is being injected into LEC 352, I_(LDC) _(_) _(light)_(_) ₂ may be the amount of current detected to be flowing through LDC382 between time t3 and time t4 when current I₂ is being injected intoLEC 352, K_(L) may be any suitable light sensitivity coefficient dataassociated with LDC 382 (e.g., light sensitivity coefficient data asAmperes per brightness unit (e.g., lux)), B_(LEC) _(_) _(light) may bethe brightness of light L1 emitted from LEC 352 between time t2 and timet3 when current I₁ is being injected into LEC 352 (e.g., as may bedetermined by circuitry 356 or otherwise), B_(LEC) _(_) _(light) _(_) ₂may be the brightness of light L1 emitted from LEC 352 between time t3and time t4 when current I₂ is being injected into LEC 352 (e.g., as maybe determined by circuitry 356 or otherwise), F_(chamber) may beindicative of the effect of space 303 on the brightness of light L1 toform the brightness of light L2, where F_(chamber) may be assumed to beconstant between time t2 and time t4 and/or may be removed from thecalculation of T_(LDC) _(_) _(current) through the use of both ofequations (3a) and (3b), K_(LDC) may be any suitable brightnesstemperature coefficient data associated with LDC 382 (e.g., temperaturegain coefficient or brightness temperature coefficient TCLDC γ of LDC382), and T_(LDC) _(_) _(x) may be the calibration temperature of LDC382, where such values for K_(L), K_(LDC), and T_(LDC) _(_) _(x) may bepredetermined (e.g., during calibration or testing of system 305) andmay be made available to processor 315 (e.g., as a portion of processordata 316 d). After time t4, such as between time t4 and time t10000, nocurrent may be injected into LED 352 such that no light L1 may beemitted therefrom (e.g., to save power).

An effect of temperature variation on LEC 352 (e.g., TE_(LEC)) may beignored when functionality may be provided to maintain the brightness oflight L1 emitted from LEC 352 at a particular magnitude despitetemperature variation, which may enable TE_(LEC) to be removed as acomponent from equation (6) when solving for LDSO_(TC), such thatT_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352 may not need to be determined at eachcycle. For example, rather than injecting a constant current I (e.g., acalibration power characteristic) when LEC 352 is enabled for emittinglight L1 (e.g., current I₁ between times t2 and t3), whereby brightnessof light L1 may vary as the temperature of LEC 352 varies, any suitablefunctionality may be provided to system 305 for attempting to maintain acurrent brightness of light L1 despite any temperature variations of LEC352 (e.g., at a brightness equal to that of light L1 when thecalibration power characteristic is applied to LEC 352 at a calibrationtemperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(x)). In some embodiments, processor 315(e.g., in conjunction with any suitable data 316 d and LECC 354) may beoperative to determine the current temperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(current)of LEC 352 and identify the proper amount of current to inject into LEC352 to maintain the brightness of light L1 at a particular magnitude(e.g., a calibration brightness magnitude used during calibration ofsystem 305). For example, data 316 d may include any suitable correlatordata for enabling processor 315 to identify an appropriate current toinject into LEC 352 for enabling LEC 352 to emit light L1 with aparticular magnitude of brightness based on a particular detectedcurrent temperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352.

In addition to or as an alternative to processor 315 using correlatordata between a detected temperature of LEC 352 and to-be-injectedcurrent for enabling emission of light L1 with a particular brightness,any suitable component(s) may be provided to maintain a particularbrightness of light L1 emitted by enabled LEC 352 despite anytemperature variations of LEC 352. For example, as shown in FIG. 3,hazard detection system 305 may include an LEC light detecting subsystem(DSLEC) 370 (e.g., as a portion of light emitting subsystem 350) thatmay include at least one dedicated LEC local light detecting component(LDCL) (e.g., at least one light detecting component including anysuitable light detecting diode PD (e.g., a photodiode) that may besimilar to LDC 382 of FIG. 3B). An LDCL of DSLEC 370 may be opticallycoupled to LEC 352 for detecting the brightness of light L1 emitted fromLEC 352 without any interference due to variable conditions, such as theexistence of smoke S within space 303 beyond subsystem 350, and suchdetected brightness may be used by any suitable circuitry (e.g.,circuitry 356) to maintain a particular magnitude of the brightness oflight L1 emitted from LEC 352 (e.g., despite any temperature variationat LEC 352), such as by adjusting the magnitude of the current injectedinto LEC 352 based on the brightness detected by DSLEC 370. As shown,DSLEC 370 may include at least one of LDCL 372 (e.g., a photodiode orany other suitable light sensing component that may be optically coupledto LEC 352 and that may be provided on the same die 353 as LEC 352(e.g., at least partially within space 303)), LDCL 374 (e.g., aphotodiode or any other suitable light sensing component that may beoptically coupled to LEC 352 and provided on the same chip carrier orpackage 355 as die 353 of LEC 352 (e.g., at least partially within space303) but not on die 353), LDCL 376 (e.g., a photodiode or any othersuitable light sensing component that may be optically coupled to LEC352 and that may be provided at least partially within chamber space 303but not on package 355 of LEC 352), and/or LDCL 378 (e.g., a photodiodeor any other suitable light sensing component that may be opticallycoupled to LEC 352 but provided outside of chamber space 303 (e.g., onboard 306)). Any node(s) of one, some, or all LDCLs of DSLEC 370 may beelectrically coupled to any suitable LDCL circuitry (LDCLC) 379, whichmay be operative to enable the detection of the magnitude of thebrightness of light sensed by such one or more LDCL(s) by processor 315.In some embodiments, LDCLC 379 may be similar to LDCC 384 of FIG. 3B.

Any suitable LDCL of DSLEC 370 may be optically coupled to LEC 352 inany suitable manner for ensuring that the brightness of light actuallyemitted by LEC 352 may be detected by that LDCL without any interferencedue to variable conditions, such as existence of smoke S within space303. For example, as shown in FIG. 3D, LDCL 374 may be provided on a die373, and die 373 of LDCL 374 and die 353 of LEC 352 may be providedwithin the same package 355 (e.g., such as a T1 package, T1 ¾ package,and/or surface mount package). Pins 351 a and 351 b of light emittingelement 351 of LEC 352 as well as pins 371 a and 371 b of a lightdetecting element (e.g., a photodiode) of LDCL 374 may be made availablefor use by any suitable components external to package 355 (e.g.,circuitry 356). Dies 373 and 353 may be positioned against on anotherwithin package 355 or may be spaced any suitable distance within package355. As shown, a lens 329 or any other suitable enclosure may beprovided for shielding LEC 352 from debris, which may be operative toprevent any smoke (e.g., smoke particles S) from entering into lens 329for damaging LEC 352. In some embodiments, as shown, at least a portionof die 373 and/or at least a portion of LDCL 374 may be provided withinlens 329 (e.g., within an internal space defined by lens 329) along withat least a portion of LEC 352, such that LDCL 374 may also be protectedfrom any debris external to lens 329. At least a portion of light L1 eemitted from LEC 352 may be reflected by and retained within lens 329and sensed by LDCL 374 as reflected light L1 r, while another portion oflight L1 e emitted from LEC 352 may be emitted out from lens 329 andinto space 303 as light L1 for sensing by LDC 382. Therefore, in suchembodiments, a portion of light emitted from LEC 352 may always bedetected by LDCL 374 in the same manner without any interference due tovariable conditions external to lens 329 (e.g., existence of smoke),such that the brightness of such detected light L1 r may besubstantially identical to or directly proportional to the brightness oflight L1 e and/or of light L1. For example, such a configuration mayensure that the ratio of the brightness of light L1 r to the brightnessof light L1 e is constant despite any variation in the brightness oflight L1 e and/or that the ratio of the brightness of light L1 r to thebrightness of light L1 is constant despite any variation in thebrightness of light L1 e. In some embodiments, a reflective material maybe provided along an interior surface of a portion of lens 329 forreflecting light L1 r towards the LDCL while the interior surface ofother portions of lens 329 may not reflect light but may transmit lightthrough lens 329. Alternatively, die 373 and LDCL 374 may be positioneddirectly behind LEC 352 and a dedicated path through the back of LEC 352may be operative to enable some portion of light L1 e to be detected byan LDCL positioned along that dedicated path (e.g., a path formedthrough black epoxy that may otherwise be provided along the backside ofLEC 352 (e.g., along the back of LED D) to prevent light from escapingfrom the backside). By collocating LEC 352 and LDCL 374 on the samepackage 355, a current temperature of LEC 352 that may be detected usingany suitable technique or TSLE of TSLEC 360 (e.g., TSLE 362 of die 353or TSLE 364 of package 355) may be used as (e.g., assumed to besubstantially identical to) a current temperature of LDCL 374, and/or acurrent temperature of LDCL 374 may be used as a current temperature ofLEC 352.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 3F, single die 353 may include both LEC 352 andLDCL 372. By collocating LEC 352 and LDCL 372 on the same die 353, acurrent temperature of LEC 352 that may be detected using any suitabletechnique or ISLE of TSLEC 360 (e.g., TSLE 362 of die 353) may be usedas (e.g., assumed to be substantially identical to) a currenttemperature of LDCL 372, and/or a current temperature of LDCL 372 may beused as a current temperature of LEC 352. In some embodiments, as shown,an optic component 328 may be provided within and distinct from lens 329or as a unique portion of lens 329, where optic component 328 may beoperative to reflect a portion of light L1 e as light L1 r to LDCL 372.For example, such a configuration may ensure that the ratio of thebrightness of light L1 r to the brightness of light L1 e is constantdespite any variation in the brightness of light L1 e and/or that theratio of the brightness of light L1 r to the brightness of light L1 isconstant despite any variation in the brightness of light L1 e. Opticcomponent 328 may be a reflector or any other suitable component of anysuitable shape. Moreover, as shown, optic component 328 may be operativeto reflect at least a portion L3 r of light L3 to LDCL 372, where lightL3 may be any suitable light from any suitable remote light source thatmay pass through lens 329.

Any suitable light pipe may be provided for optically coupling a portionof light emitted from LEC 352 to one or more LDCLs of DSLEC 370 ofsystem 305. For example, as shown in FIG. 3E, a light guide 325 may beprovided for routing light portion L1 f of light L1 e emitted from LEC352 to any one of LDCLs 372, 374, 376, and 378 of DSLE 370 such thatlight portion L1 f may be detected by the light detecting element (e.g.,a photodiode) of that LDCL. As shown, light guide 325 may include a pathfor light L1 f between a first end 325 a of light guide 325 and a secondend 325 b of light guide 325. For example, first end 325 a of lightguide 325 may be optically coupled to a portion of lens 329 forreceiving light L1 f, such that conditions external to lens 329 andlight guide 325 may not affect the brightness of light L1 f. Second end325 b of light guide 325 may be optically coupled to any suitableportion of an LDCL or to a portion of a lens 327 or any other suitableenclosure may be provided for shielding the LDCL from debris, which maybe operative to prevent any smoke (e.g., smoke particles S) fromentering into lens 327 for damaging the LDCL. Light guide 325 may bemade of any suitable materials and may have any suitable dimensionsand/or any suitable geometry for optically coupling a portion of lightemitted from LEC 352 with an LDCL of DSLEC 370, such that light guide325 may enable LEC 352 and the LDCL to be separated by any suitabledistance and with diodes having any suitable relative orientations. Forexample, light guide 325 may be configured to extend between LEC 352within space 303 and LDCL 378 outside of space 303 and/or between LEC352 in first package 355 and an LDCL in a different second package.Light guide 325 may be a light guide pipe, a fiber optic fiber, anacrylic tube, or any other suitable light guide that may be operative topass light L1 f from end 325 a to end 325 b without any externalvariables affecting such passage of light (e.g., any smoke, temperature,light, or the like external to light guide 325). Any suitable materialor element(s) may be provided along one or more surfaces of light guide325 and/or of lens 327 to prevent external variables from affectinglight passing along light guide 325. For example, a lens shield 327 smay be provided alone one or more surfaces of lens 327 for shieldingvariables external to lens 327 from affecting the passage of lightbetween guide 325 and an LDCL, and/or a light guide shield 325 s may beprovided alone one or more surfaces of light guide 325 for shieldingvariables external to light guide 325 from affecting the passage oflight along guide 325, where either or both of such shields may be madefrom any suitable materials, such as black acrylonitrile butadienestyrene (ABS) for shielding external light. Therefore, in suchembodiments, a portion of light emitted from LEC 352 may always bedetected by an LDCL via light guide 325 in the same manner without anyinterference due to variable conditions external to guide 325 (e.g.,existence of smoke), such that the brightness of such detected light L1f may be substantially identical to or directly proportional to thebrightness of light L1 e and/or of light L1. For example, such aconfiguration may ensure that the ratio of the brightness of light L1 fto the brightness of light L1 e is constant despite any variation in thebrightness of light L1 e and/or that the ratio of the brightness oflight L1 f to the brightness of light L1 is constant despite anyvariation in the brightness of light L1 e.

Any suitable correlator data between the brightness of light L1 e or L1and the brightness of light L1 f or the brightness of light L1 rdetected by an LDCL (e.g., as B_(LDC) _(_) _(current)) may be determined(e.g., during calibration of system 305) and may be utilized (e.g., as aportion of data 316 d by processor 315) to determine or otherwisecalculate or estimate the current brightness B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) oflight L1. In some embodiments, processor 315 (e.g., in conjunction withany suitable data 316 d and circuitry 356) may be operative to use thecurrent brightness B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of light L1 (e.g., asdetermined using any suitable LDCL of DSLEC 370) to identify the properamount of current to inject into LEC 352 to maintain or return thebrightness of light L1 to a particular magnitude (e.g., a calibrationbrightness magnitude used during calibration of system 305). Forexample, data 316 d may include any suitable correlator data forenabling processor 315 to identify an appropriate current to inject intoLEC 352 for enabling LEC 352 to emit light L1 with a particularmagnitude of brightness based on a particular determined currentbrightness B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352 (e.g., as a digitalfeedback loop or otherwise). Additionally or alternatively, theparticular determined current brightness B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC352 may be processed in conjunction with LDSO_(detected) to determine acurrent smoke condition (e.g., with or without factoring in a currenttemperature effect on LEC 352 and/or LDC 382, etc.). For example, theparticular determined current brightness B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC352 may be used to index to particular data in a predetermined table foridentifying a smoke condition in conjunction with LDSO_(detected). Anyhardware, software, or combination of hardware and software may beutilized in combination with the particular determined currentbrightness B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352 to determine the currentsmoke condition.

In addition to or as an alternative to processor 315 using correlatordata between a determined current brightness of light L1 of LEC 352 anda magnitude of to-be-injected current for enabling emission of light L1with a particular brightness, any suitable component(s) may be providedto enable light L1 emitted by enabled LEC 352 to be held at a particularbrightness despite any temperature variations of LEC 352. For example,as shown in FIGS. 3 and 3C, hazard detection system 305 may include asubsystem or circuitry 356, which may include at least a portion of LECC354 and/or at least a portion of LDCLC 379, where circuitry 356 may beoperative to use the current brightness B_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of lightL1 (e.g., as determined using any suitable LDCL of DSLEC 370) forcausing LEC 352 to emit light L1 with a particular brightness (e.g., acalibration brightness magnitude). Circuitry 356 may be a servomechanism that may be operative to uses error-sensing negative feedbackto correct the performance of LEC 352 (e.g., to maintain the brightnessof light L1 at a particular brightness when LEC 352 is enabled despitevariance in the temperature of LEC 352). For example, as shown in FIG.3C, circuitry 356 (e.g., analog feedback circuitry) may be electricallycoupled to one or both of pins 351 a and 351 b of light emitting element351 (e.g., LED D) of LEC 352 as well as electrically coupled to one orboth of pins 371 a and 371 b of light detecting element 371 (e.g.,photodiode PD) of any one of LDCLs 372, 374, 376, and 378 of DSLEC 370of subsystem 350, where that LDCL and LEC 352 may be optically coupledvia any suitable optical coupling structure 359 in any suitable manner(e.g., an opto-isolator, such as an LED-photodiode opto-isolator, and/orany optical coupling structure as described with respect to one or moreof FIGS. 3, 3D, and 3E (e.g., lens 329 and/or light guide 325 and/orlens 327 and/or optic component 328)), such that circuitry 356 may beoperative to servo the magnitude of the current I_(D) injected intolight emitting element 351 of LEC 352 to maintain a constant value ofthe brightness of the light (e.g., light L1 r or light L1 f) sensed bylight detecting element 371 of the LDCL and, thus, to maintain aconstant brightness of light L1 (e.g., despite any variance in thetemperature of LEC 352).

As just one particular embodiment of circuitry 356, as shown in FIG. 3C,circuitry 356 may include LDCLC 379, LECC 354, and any other suitablecomponents, such as a variable resistance component 356 s and a firstamplifier component 356 m. Variable resistance component 356 s may beelectrically coupled to node O2 of LECC 354 or otherwise to the cathodeC of light emitting element 351 of LEC 352 and to a cathode C of lightdetecting element 371 of the LDCL via one or more other components ofcircuitry 356, such as a first amplifier component 356 m and a secondamplifier component 356 p, which may provide a negative feedbackamplifier. As shown, variable resistance component 356 s may include anysuitable variable resistance circuitry, such as a field effecttransistor (FET) 357 s, where a drain of FET 357 s may be coupled tonode O2 of LECC 354 or otherwise to the cathode C of light emittingelement 351 of LEC 352 (e.g., via element 354 r), a source of FET 357 smay be coupled to ground or any other suitable element, and a gate ifFET 357 s may be coupled to an output of first amplifier component 356 m(e.g., to an output of an operational amplifier 357 m of first amplifiercomponent 356 m). As also shown, a non-inverting input of operationalamplifier 357 m of first amplifier component 356 m may be coupled to anysuitable power source (e.g., to a voltage source of V_(REF)), while aninverting input of operational amplifier 357 m of first amplifiercomponent 356 m may be coupled to any suitable portion of secondamplifier component 356 p (e.g., to an output of an operationalamplifier 357 p of second amplifier component 356 p), while anon-inverting input of operational amplifier 357 p of second amplifiercomponent 356 p may be coupled to any suitable power source (e.g., to avoltage source of V_(BIAS)), and while an inverting input of operationalamplifier 357 p of second amplifier component 356 p may be coupled tothe output of operational amplifier 357 p of second amplifier component356 p via a filter component 356 f, which may include aresistor-capacitor circuit RC, and to cathode C of light detectingelement 371 of the LDCL. The output of operational amplifier 357 m offirst amplifier component 356 m may be operative to be applied tovariable resistance component 356 s (e.g., to the gate of FET 357 s) foradjusting the amount of current I_(D) that may be drawn through lightemitting element 351 of LEC 352, which may adjust the brightness oflight L1 emitted by LEC 352, while the output of operational amplifier357 m of first amplifier component 356 m may be varied based on thebrightness of light detected by light detecting component 351 of theLDCL. The value of V_(BIAS) may be selected to set the magnitude of thebrightness of light L1 desired to be emitted by LEC 352, while the valueof V_(REF) may be selected to set the magnitude of current desired to bedrawn through LEC 352. Therefore, circuitry 356 may be operative toprovide an analog feedback circuit (e.g., with at least one suitablefeedback loop (e.g., as a closed-loop servo'd subsystem)) that maymaintain consistent brightness of light L1 emitted by LEC 352 overvarying temperatures of LEC 352 through using an LDCL that may beoptically coupled to LEC 352.

When an LDCL of DSLEC 370 may be optically coupled to LEC 352 and usedto maintain the brightness of light L1 emitted by LEC 352 at aparticular magnitude (e.g., in coordination with circuitry 356 orotherwise), then an effect of temperature variation on LEC 352 (e.g.,TE_(LEC)) may be ignored or at least reduced to that of the effect oftemperature variation on the optically coupled LDCL (e.g., TE_(LDC)).For example, when the brightness of light L1 is maintained at aparticular magnitude despite temperature variation of LEC 352 throughusing an optically coupled LDCL, TE_(LEC) may be removed as a componentfrom equation (6) when solving for LDSO_(TC), such that TE_(LEC) _(_)_(current) of LEC 352 may not need to be determined at each cycle.Instead. LDSO_(TC) may be solved for using the following equation (6a):LDSO _(TC) =LDSO _(detected) −TE _(LDC) −TE _(LDCL),  (6a)where LDSO_(TC) may be a temperature-compensated output value of lightdetecting subsystem 380 for a particular smoke detection cycle of system30, where LDSO_(detected) may be a detected output of light detectingsubsystem 380 during the particular cycle that has not been compensatedfor any temperature variance from the particular calibration temperatureof system 305, where TE_(LDC) may be an effect of a current temperatureof LDC 382 during the particular cycle on the determination of thecurrent smoke condition of the particular cycle, and where TE_(LDCL) maybe an effect of a current temperature of the LDCL during the particularcycle on the determination of the current smoke condition of theparticular cycle, where that LDCL may be optically coupled to LEC 352and used to maintain the brightness of emitted light L1 of LEC 352during the particular cycle. Such a TE_(LDCL) may be calculated usingthe following equation:TE _(LDCL) =K _(LDCL)*(T _(LDCL) _(_) _(current) −T _(LDCL) _(_)_(x)),  (11)where K_(LDCL) may be any suitable temperature gain coefficient orbrightness temperature coefficient data associated with that LDCL, whereT_(LDCL) _(_) _(current) may be a current temperature of that LDCLduring the particular cycle, and where T_(LDCL) _(_) _(x) may be thecalibration temperature of that LDCL. Such values for K_(LDCL) andT_(LDCL) _(_) _(x) may be predetermined (e.g., during calibration ortesting of system 305) and may be made available to processor 315 (e.g.,as a portion of processor data 316 d associated with the temperaturecoefficient of that LDCL), while the current temperature T_(LDCL) _(_)_(current) of that LDCL during the particular cycle may be determined inany suitable manner (e.g., using one or more of equations (1)-(3) or anysuitable temperature sensors proximate or thermally coupled to thatLDCL). For example, the current temperature T_(LDCL) _(_) _(current) ofthe LDCL of FIG. 3C may be determined using a detected currenttemperature T_(LEC) _(_) _(current) of LEC 352 (e.g., if LEC 352 and theLDCL are collocated such that their temperatures may be assumed to besubstantially the same) and/or using any suitable TSLE of subsystem 350that may be proximate the LDCL and/or using one or more temperaturedetection techniques (e.g., equations (1)-(3)) with respect to the diodeof the LDCL itself. As mentioned, the value of K_(LDCL) or thebrightness temperature coefficient of any suitable light sensing elementmay be significantly less than the value of K_(LEC) or the brightnesstemperature coefficient of any suitable light emitting element (e.g.,0.1%/° Celsius as compared to −0.8%/° Celsius), such that using anoptically coupled LDCL to remove the temperature variation effect of LEC352 while adding a temperature variation effect of that LDCL may resultin a much more accurate reading of LDSO_(TC) even if TE_(LDCL) is nottaken into account as compared to a determination of LDSO_(TC) if nooptically coupled LDCL is used and if TE_(LDCL) is not taken intoaccount. As shown in timing diagram 400 of FIG. 4, if an LDCL of DSLEC370 is optically coupled to LEC 352 and used for maintaining a constantbrightness of light L1, then that LDCL may be enabled at least betweentimes t2 and t3 (if not also between times t3 and t4) when LEC 352 maybe enabled (e.g., by applying a voltage V across the light detectingelement 371 of the LDCL), during which T_(LDCL) _(_) _(current) may bedetermined using any suitable technique (e.g., similar to thedetermination of T_(LDC) _(_) _(current)).

Chamber space 303 of internal chamber body 302 may include othersubsystems in addition to at least a portion of light emitting subsystem350 and at least a portion of light detecting subsystem 380. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 3, at least a portion of an additional lightemitting subsystem 350′ of hazard detection system 305 may be positionedwithin chamber space 303, where additional light emitting subsystem 350′may include one or more similarly labelled components of light emittingsubsystem 350, such as LEC 352′ that may be operative to emit light L1′for reflecting off smoke S′ as light L2′ towards LDC 382, die 353′,package 355′, LECC 354′, circuitry 356′, TSLEC 360′ that may include oneor more of TSLE 362′, TSLE 364′, TSLE 366′, and TSLE 368′, TSLECC 369′,DSLEC 370′ that may include one or more of LDCL 372′, LDCL 374′, LDCL376′, and LDCL 378′, and LDCLC 379′. LES 350′ may be operative tofunction similarly to LES 350 with respect to LDS 380, such that smokeS′ may reflect at least a portion of light L1′ emitted from LES 350′towards LDC 382 as light L2′ such that smoke S′ may be detected bysystem 305. As shown in FIG. 3, for example, LES 350′ may be positionedbelow or adjacent or proximate to opening 304′, while LES 350 may bepositioned closer to opening 304 than to opening 304′, such that LES 350and LDS 380 may be operative to detect smoke closer to opening 304(e.g., smoke S) while LES 350′ and LDS 380 may be operative to detectsmoke closer to opening 304′ (e.g., smoke S′). Alternatively oradditionally, LES 350 and LES 350′ may each be operative to work withLDS 380 for detecting any smoke within space 303. In some embodiments,although not shown, a second LDS similar to LDS 380 may be provided bysystem 305 for detecting light emitted from LES 350′ as LDS 380 maydetect light emitted from LES 350. As shown in FIG. 3, for example, LES350 may be positioned within space 303 at least a distance D from LDS380 (e.g., LEC 352 may be positioned at least a distance D from LDC382), while LES 350′ may be positioned within space 303 at least adistance D′ from LDS 380 (e.g., LEC 352′ may be positioned at least adistance D′ from LDC 382).

In some embodiments, the wavelength(s) of light that may be emitted byLEC 352′ of LES 350′ may be the same as the wavelength(s) of light thatmay be emitted by LEC 352 of LES 350. Alternatively, in someembodiments, the wavelength(s) of light that may be emitted by LEC 352′of LES 350′ may be different than the wavelength(s) of light that may beemitted by LEC 352 of LES 350. For example, light L1 emitted by LEC 352of LES 350 may be infrared light (e.g., light emitting element 351 ofLEC 352 may be an infrared (IR) LED that may emit light energy in theinfrared electromagnetic spectrum) while light L1′ emitted by LEC 352′of LES 350′ may be blue light (e.g., a light emitting element of LEC352′ may be a blue LED that may emit light energy in the blueelectromagnetic spectrum), where the different types of light may eachbe detected by LDC 382 of LDS 380 or by different LDCs of LDS 380 or bythe same or different LDCs of different LDSs or LESs of system 305.Different types of light may be scattered by different types ofparticles in different ways or by the same particle in different wayswithin space 303, such that different sized particles (e.g., smoke S andsmoke S′) can be detected by system 305, thereby enabling variousalgorithms to use the data to make more informed decisions whenoperating the hazard detection system. For example, white/gray smoke mayhave different mean particle sizes than black smoke. In addition,moisture particles may have different mean particles size than smokeparticles and dust. In addition, smoke from fast burning fires may havedifferent mean particle sizes than smoldering fires. Mean particle sizesmay also differ based on the material that is burning. It is to beunderstood that any suitable type(s) of light, including visibleradiation and/or invisible radiation of any suitable wavelength, may beemitted by LEC 352 of LES 350 and/or by LEC 352′ of LES 350′ and/ordetected by any LDCL of DSLEC 370 of LES 350 and/or by any LDCL of DSLEC370′ of LES 350′ and/or by LDC 382 of LDS 380. It is to be understoodthat any reference to brightness and/or a magnitude or amount orquantity thereof (e.g., with respect to light or radiation L1 emitted byLEC 352 and/or with respect to light or radiation L2 detected by LDC382) may be a reference to irradiance, radiance, radiant flux,illuminance, luminance, luminous flux, and/or the like and/or amagnitude or amount or quantity thereof (e.g., with respect to light orradiation L1 emitted by LEC 352 and/or with respect to light orradiation L2 detected by LDC 382).

LES 350 and LES 350′ may have different functional characteristics,different calibration power characteristic values, different calibrationbrightness values, different calibration temperature values, differentassociated correlator data, different temperature coefficient data,and/or the like, which may be associated with different portions of data316 d, and/or LDS 380 and circuitry and processing (e.g., on board 306)may be operative to function differently with respect to LES 350 thanwith respect to LES 350′. However, LES 350 and LES 350′ may beconfigured to operate in similar manners. As shown in FIG. 4, forexample, when both LES 350 and LES 350′ may be used with LDS 380, LES350 and LDS 380 may be operative to function during a first portion ofthe cycle of diagram 400 (e.g., between times t1 and t4), while LES 350′and LDS 380 may be operative to function during a second portion of thecycle of diagram 400 that may be different than the first portion of thecycle (e.g., between times t5001 and t5004). The operation of LDC 382 ofLDS 380 between times t5001 and t5004 with respect to LES 350′ may besimilar to the operation of LDC 382 of LDS 380 between times t1 and t4with respect to LES 350, the operation of LEC 352′ of LES 350′ betweentimes t5001 and t5004 with respect to LDC 382 of LDS 380 may be similarto the operation of LEC 352 of LES 350 between times t1 and t4 withrespect to LDC 382 of LDS 380, and/or the operation of an LDCL of DSLEC370′ of LES 350′ between times t5001 and t5004 with respect to LEC 352′of LES 350′ and LDC 382 of LDS 380 may be similar to the operation of anLDCL of DSLEC 370 of LES 350 between times t1 and t4 with respect to LEC352 of LES 350 and LDC 382 of LDS 380.

Any suitable number of light subsystems (LS) of any suitable type (e.g.,light emitting subsystem(s) similar to LES 350 and/or light detectingsubsystem(s) similar to LDS 380) may be positioned at least partiallywithin space 303 in any suitable configuration for detecting hazardconditions. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3G and 3H, a configuration341 of four light subsystems 340 a-340 d may be provided at leastpartially within space 303 and may be operated for effectively detectinghazard conditions. At a first moment of configuration 341, as shown inFIG. 3G, LS 340 a may be operative to emit light L1 a_e into space 303,where LS 340 a may be any suitable subsystem operative to emit lightinto space 303, such as LES 350 emitting light L1 or LES 350′ emittinglight L1′. Moreover, at such a first moment of configuration 341 of FIG.3G, LS 340 b may be operative to detect light L2 a_ob that may be atleast a portion of emitted light L1 a_e as deflected or diffracted ornot obscured by smoke S (e.g., any suitable particle or particulate offluid within chamber space 303 to be detected by hazard detection system305). An axis of light L1 a_e emitted from LS 340 a may be offset froman axis of any light L2 a_ob detected by LS 340 b by an angle θa_ob ofany suitable magnitude, such as by 180° where the two axes may be linearwith one another so that detected light L2 a_ob of emitted light L1 a_emay be the portion of emitted light L1 a_e not obscured by smoke S orpassed through smoke S (e.g., detected light L2 a_ob may be referred toherein as an obscuration light portion of emitted light L1 a_e).Additionally or alternatively, at such a first moment of configuration341 of FIG. 3G, LS 340 c may be operative to detect light L2 a_bs thatmay be at least a portion of emitted light L1 a_e as deflected ordiffracted or reflected or backscattered by smoke S. An axis of light L1a_e emitted from LS 340 a may be offset from an axis of any light L2a_bs detected by LS 340 c by an angle θa_bs of any suitable magnitude,such as between 1° and 89° or between 5° and 65° or about 40° so thatdetected light L2 a_bs of emitted light L1 a_e may be a portion ofemitted light L1 a_e backscattered by smoke S (e.g., detected light L2a_bs may be referred to herein as a backscattered light portion ofemitted light L1 a_e). Additionally or alternatively, at such a firstmoment of configuration 341 of FIG. 3G, LS 340 d may be operative todetect light L2 a_fs that may be at least a portion of emitted light L1a_e as deflected or diffracted or reflected or forward scattered bysmoke S. An axis of light L1 a_e emitted from LS 340 a may be offsetfrom an axis of any light L2 a_fs detected by LS 340 d by an angle θa_fsof any suitable magnitude, such as between 91° and 179° or between 95°and 155° or about 140° so that detected light L2 a_fs of emitted lightL1 a_e may be a portion of emitted light L1 a_e forward scattered bysmoke S (e.g., detected light L2 a_fs may be referred to herein as aforward scattered light portion of emitted light L1 a_e). One, some, orall of LS 340 b, LS 340 c, and LS 340 d may be any suitable subsystemoperative to detect light within space 303, such as LDS 380 detectinglight L2 or LES 350 detecting light L3 (see, e.g., FIG. 3F).

While only one of LS 340 b, LS 340 c, and LS 340 d may be used to detecta portion of light L1 a_e emitted from LS 340 a, any two or all three ofLS 340 b, LS 340 c, and LS 340 d and/or any other suitable number oflight subsystems may be used to detect different respective portions oflight L1 a_e emitted from LS 340 a in order to provide additional datathat may be used by system 305 (e.g., processor 315) to determine acurrent hazard condition within space 303. For example, smoke particlesof different sizes may provide different ratios of forward scatteredlight to backscattered light when positioned at least partially alongthe axis of light L1 a_e emitted by LS 340 a (e.g., smaller particlesmay have a larger ratio of backward scatter to forward scatter than maylarger particles). By comparing the magnitude (e.g., the brightness,radiance, etc.) of two or more of obscuration light portion L2 a_ob,backscattered light portion L2 a_bs, and forward scattered light portionL2 a_fs with emitted light L1 a_e and any suitable correlator data orcalibration data (e.g., data 316 d) may enable system 305 to determinemore effectively certain characteristics about the current hazardcondition within space 303 (e.g., the size of smoke 5), thereby enablingvarious algorithms to use the data to make more informed decisions whenoperating the hazard detection system.

Moreover, as mentioned with respect to LES 350 and LES 350′, differenttypes of light may be scattered by different types of particles (e.g.,smoke generated by burning wood versus smoke generated by burning metal)in different ways or by the same particle in different ways within space303, such that different sized particles (e.g., smoke S and smoke S′)can be detected by system 305, thereby further enabling variousalgorithms to use the data to make more informed decisions whenoperating the hazard detection system. Therefore, in some embodiments,at least two different light sources may be utilized by configuration341. For example, at a second moment of configuration 341, as shown inFIG. 3H, that may occur before and/or after the first moment of FIG. 3G,LS 340 b may be operative to emit light L1 b_e into space 303, where LS340 b may be any suitable subsystem operative to emit light into space303, such as LES 350 emitting light L1 or LES 350′ emitting light L1′.Moreover, at such a second moment of configuration 341 of FIG. 3H, LS340 a may be operative to detect light L2 b_ob that may be at least aportion of emitted light L1 b_e as deflected or diffracted or notobscured by smoke S. An axis of light L1 b_e emitted from LS 340 b maybe offset from an axis of any light L2 b_ob detected by LS 340 a by anangle θb_ob of any suitable magnitude, such as by 180° where the twoaxes may be linear with one another so that detected light L2 b_ob ofemitted light L1 b_e may be the portion of emitted light L1 b_e notobscured by smoke S or passed through smoke S (e.g., detected light L2b_ob may be referred to herein as an obscuration light portion ofemitted light L1 b_e). Additionally or alternatively, at such a secondmoment of configuration 341 of FIG. 3H, LS 340 d may be operative todetect light L2 b_bs that may be at least a portion of emitted light L1b_e as deflected or diffracted or reflected or backscattered by smoke S.An axis of light L1 b_e emitted from LS 340 b may be offset from an axisof any light L2 b_bs detected by LS 340 d by an angle θb_bs of anysuitable magnitude, such as between 1° and 89° or between 5° and 65° orabout 40° (e.g., angle θb_bs may be the same as angle θa_bs when angleθa_ob and angle θb_ob are 180°) so that detected light L2 b_bs ofemitted light L1 b_e may be a portion of emitted light L1 b_ebackscattered by smoke S (e.g., detected light L2 b bs may be referredto herein as a backscattered light portion of emitted light L1 b_e).Additionally or alternatively, at such a second moment of configuration341 of FIG. 3H, LS 340 c may be operative to detect light L2 b_fs thatmay be at least a portion of emitted light L1 b_e as deflected ordiffracted or reflected or forward scattered by smoke S. An axis oflight L1 b_e emitted from LS 340 b may be offset from an axis of anylight L2 b_fs detected by LS 340 c by an angle θb_fs of any suitablemagnitude, such as between 91° and 179° or between 95° and 155° or about140° (e.g., angle θb_fs may be the same as angle θa_fs when angle θa_oband angle θb_ob are 180°) so that detected light L2 b_fs of emittedlight L1 b_e may be a portion of emitted light L1 b_e forward scatteredby smoke S (e.g., detected light L2 b_fs may be referred to herein as aforward scattered light portion of emitted light L1 b_e).

Therefore, where configuration 341 may enable LS 340 a to emit light L1a_e at a first moment and detect light L2 b_ob at a second moment, andmay enable LS 340 b to emit light L1 b_e at the second moment and detectlight L2 a_ob at the first moment, each one of LS 340 a and LS 340 b maybe any suitable subsystem operative to emit and detect light, such asLES 350 emitting light L1 with LEC 352 and detecting light L3 with anLDCL (see, e.g., FIG. 3F) or LES 350 may be operative to switchcircuitry coupled to LEC 352 for alternately using a singleoptoelectronic component as a light emitting component and a lightdetecting component (e.g., by configuring LECC 354 to alternate betweenthe circuitry of FIG. 3A for using light component 351 as an LED and thecircuitry of FIG. 3B for using light component 351 as a photodiode),while each one of LS 340 c and 340 d may be any suitable subsystemoperative to detect light within space 303, such as LDS 380 detectinglight L2 or LES 350 detecting light L3. For example, as shown in FIG. 4,when LS 340 a may be LES 350 and LS 340 b may be LES 350′ and LS 340 cmay be LDS 380, the first moment of configuration 341 of FIG. 3G may beat least partially between times t2 and t4 where LEC 352 of LS 340 a mayemit light L1 a_e and an LDCL of DSLEC 370′ of LS 340 b may be enabledto detect light L2 a_ob and LDC 382 of LS 340 c may be enabled to detectlight L2 a_bs, and the second moment of configuration 341 of FIG. 3H maybe at least partially between times t5002 and t5004 where LEC 35T of LS340 b may emit light L1 b_e and an LDCL of DSLEC 370 of LS 340 a may beenabled to detect light L2 b_ob and LDC 382 of LS 340 c may be enabledto detect light L2 b_fs, all of which may occur within a singleparticular cycle that may be repeated. Although not shown, configuration341 may be operative to enable each one of LS 340 a-340 d to emit lightinto space 303 at a different moment within a single repeatable cyclewhile the other ones of LS 340 a-340 d may detect different portions ofsuch emitted light, where each one of LS 340 a-340 d may be a lightsubsystem operative to switch between emitting light into chamber 303and detecting light emitted into chamber 303 by each of the other onesof LS 340 a-340 d (e.g., LS 340 a may detect a backscattered portion oflight emitted from LS 340 c, LS 340 b may detect a forward scatteredportion of light emitted from LS 340 c, and LS 340 d may detect anobscuration portion of light emitted from LS 340 c, while LS 340 b maydetect a backscattered portion of light emitted from LS 340 d, LS 340 amay detect a forward scattered portion of light emitted from LS 340 d,and LS 340 c may detect an obscuration portion of light emitted from LS340 d). Each one of LS 340 a-340 d may have different functionalcharacteristics, different calibration power characteristic values,different calibration brightness values, different calibrationtemperature values, different associated correlator data, differenttemperature coefficient data, and/or the like, which may be associatedwith different portions of data 316 d, and/or any light detectingsubsystem of configuration 341 and circuitry and processing (e.g., onboard 306) may be operative to function differently with respect tolight being emitted by different light emitting subsystems ofconfiguration 341.

When configuration 341 includes multiple light emitting subsystems, eachlight emitting subsystem may be operative to emit the same type of light(e.g., the same wavelength of light with the same brightness) or, anyone of multiple light emitting subsystems may emit a different type oflight than any other one of the multiple light emitting subsystems. Forexample, emitted light L1 a_e and emitted light L1 b_e may differ in anysuitable way or ways, such as by wavelength, brightness, and the like.For example, light L1 a_e emitted by LS 340 a may be infrared lightwhile light L1 b_e emitted by LS 340 b may be blue light, where thedifferent types of light may each be detected by one or more lightdetecting subsystems of configuration (e.g., LS 340 c may be operativeto detect not only infrared light emitted by LS 340 a but also bluelight emitted by LS 340 b (e.g., a single LDCL or LDC of LS 340 c may beoperative to detect different wavelengths of light or multiple LDCLs orLDCs of LS 340 c may be provided to detect a respective wavelength)). Asdifferent types of light may be scattered by different types ofparticles (e.g., different types of smoke particles with differentcompositions (e.g., matter and/or color), such as smoke from burningwood versus smoke from burning metal) in different ways or by the sameparticle in different ways within space 303, configuration 341 withmultiple light emitting subsystems and multiple light detectingsubsystems may be operative to capture additional data that may be usedby system 305 (e.g., processor 315) to determine a current hazardcondition within space 303. For example, a particular type of smokeparticle may deflect and/or obscurate emitted light of a firstwavelength in a first manner and may deflect and/or obscurate emittedlight of a second wavelength in a second manner (e.g., smaller particlesmay more deflect light of a shorter wavelength than light of a longerwavelength). By comparing the magnitude (e.g., the brightness, radiance,etc.) of two or more of obscuration light portion L2 a_ob, backscatteredlight portion L2 a_bs, and forward scattered light portion L2 a_fs ofemitted light L1 a_e with the magnitude of two or more of obscurationlight portion L2 b_ob, backscattered light portion L2 b_bs, and forwardscattered light portion L2 b_fs of emitted light L1 b_e within a singlecycle or within multiple cycles within a limited period of time alongwith any suitable correlator data or calibration data (e.g., data 316d), system 305 may be operative to determine more effectively certaincharacteristics about the current hazard condition within space 303(e.g., the size and/or the color and/or the material composition (e.g.,type) of smoke S), thereby enabling various algorithms to use the datato make more informed decisions when operating the hazard detectionsystem.

Additionally or alternatively, although not shown, chamber space 303 ofinternal chamber body 302 may include other components in addition tosmoke detecting components, such as an additional light emittingcomponent and/or an additional light detecting component (e.g.,ultra-violet light, spectroscopy, and/or the like) that may be usedwithin chamber space 303 to detect the presence of pollen, a quality ofthe air, humidity, and the like. Such additional light emittingcomponents and/or additional light detecting components could be used tohelp distinguish between smoke and a false alarm. In some embodiments,such additional light emitting components and/or additional lightdetecting components could be used as a particle counter or pollencounter to give an indication of general air quality. Information aboutthe pollen count may be provided to an occupant or occupants of the homeor structure, or recorded on a central database, to help individuals beaware of possible allergy issues. In other embodiments, the additionalcomponents within chamber space 303 may be used to determine ifenclosure 300 is relatively humid, which may cause hazard detectionsystem 305 to falsely trigger an alarm. If hazard detection system 305determines that the humidity is relatively high, the sensitivity of thesmoke detecting components may be reduced so as to reduce the occurrenceof false alarms. In this manner, hazard detection system 305 mayfunction as a multi-sensing unit. In other embodiments, additionalcomponents may be positioned at locations within hazard detection system305 other than within chamber space 303.

Additional details of specific hazard detectors can be found, forexample, in commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2015-0260581, filed on May 28, 2015, entitled“Selectable Lens Button For A Smart Home Device and Method Therefor,”the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein itsentirety.

Although system 305 has been described as a hazard detection system(e.g., for smoke by using light emitting subsystem 350 in combinationwith light detecting subsystem 380), it is to be understood that theconcepts described herein may be utilized for system 305 as any suitabledetection system, such as a proximity detection system or anondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensing system or a display backlightbrightness sensing system or any other suitable system that may use alight emitting subsystem in combination with a light detectingsubsystem. A processing subsystem of system 305 may be any suitablecomponents of system 305 that may receive, detect, manipulate, analyze,and/or otherwise use any information from one or more of LEC 352, TSLEC360, DSLEC 370, LEC 352′, TSLEC 360′, DSLEC 370′, LDC 382, and/or TSLDC390, such as one, some, or all of LECC 354, circuitry 356, TSLECC 369,LDCLC 379, LECC 354′, circuitry 356′, TSLECC 369′, LDCLC 379′, LDCC 384,TSLDCC 399, processor 315, processor application 315 a, processor data316 d, and memory 316 alone or in any combination.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an illustrative process 500 for operating ahazard detection system that includes a chamber body defining a chamberspace within an enclosure space, an optoelectronic emitter, anoptoelectronic detector, and a processing subsystem. At step 502,process 500 may include emitting light from the optoelectronic emitterinto the chamber space (e.g., LEC 352 may emit light L1 into space 303).At step 504, process 500 may include detecting at least a portion of theemitted light with the optoelectronic detector (e.g., LDC 382 may detectlight L2). At step 506, process 500 may include determining, with theprocessing subsystem, a smoke condition within the enclosure space basedon an amount of the emitted light detected by the optoelectronicdetector (e.g., LDCC 384 and processor 315 and data 316 d may beoperative to determine a smoke condition within space 303 based on anamount of light L2 detected by LDC 382). At step 508, process 500 mayinclude determining, with the processing subsystem, a value of a powercharacteristic of one of the optoelectronic emitter during the emittingand the optoelectronic detector during the detecting (e.g., LECC 354 andprocessor 315 may be operative to determine a forward voltage of lightemitting element 351 of LEC 352). At step 510, process 500 may includedetermining, with the processing subsystem, the temperature of the oneof the optoelectronic emitter and the optoelectronic detector based onthe determined value of the power characteristic (e.g., processor 315and data 316 d may be operative to determine the temperature of LEC 352based on the determined forward voltage of light emitting element 351).At step 512, process 500 may include accessing, with the processingsubsystem, thermal resistance data indicative of a thermal resistancebetween a portion of the enclosure space and the one of theoptoelectronic emitter and the optoelectronic detector (e.g., processor315 and data 316 d may be operative to access thermal resistance dataindicative of a thermal resistance between LEC 352 and location N1 or N2of space 301). At step 514, process 500 may include determining, withthe processing subsystem, the temperature of the portion of theenclosure space based on the accessed thermal resistance data and thedetermined temperature (e.g., processor 315 may be operative todetermine the temperature of location N1 or N2 based on the detectedtemperature of LEC 352 and the accessed thermal resistance between LEC352 and location N1 or N2).

It is understood that the steps shown in process 500 of FIG. 5 aremerely illustrative and that existing steps may be modified or omitted,additional steps may be added, and the order of certain steps may bealtered.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an illustrative process 600 for operating anelectronic device that includes a light emitting diode and a chamberbody that at least partially defines a chamber space within anenvironment space. At step 602, process 600 may include detecting themagnitude of a forward voltage of the light emitting diode while thelight emitting diode is emitting light into the chamber space forenabling the determination of a smoke condition within the environmentspace (e.g., while LED D of LEC 352 may be emitting light L1 into space303 for enabling the determination of a smoke condition within space301, LECC 354 and/or processor 315 may be operative to detect themagnitude of a forward voltage of LED D). At step 604, process 600 mayinclude calculating the temperature of the light emitting diode usingthe detected magnitude of the forward voltage of the light emittingdiode (e.g., processor 315 and data 316 d may be operative to calculatethe temperature T_(j) of LED D using the detected magnitude of theforward voltage of LED D). At step 606, process 600 may includedetermining the temperature of a portion of the environment space thatis external to the chamber space using the calculated temperature of thelight emitting diode (e.g., processor 315 and data 316 d may beoperative to calculate the temperature of location N1 or N2 of space 301using the calculated temperature T_(j) of LED D).

It is understood that the steps shown in process 600 of FIG. 6 aremerely illustrative and that existing steps may be modified or omitted,additional steps may be added, and the order of certain steps may bealtered.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an illustrative process 700 for operating ahazard detection system that includes a chamber body defining a chamberspace, an optoelectronic emitter, an optoelectronic detector, and aprocessing subsystem. At step 702, process 700 may include emittinglight from the optoelectronic emitter into the chamber space (e.g., LEC352 may be operative to emit light L1 into space 303). At step 704,process 700 may include detecting at least a portion of the emittedlight with the optoelectronic detector (e.g., LDC 382 may be operativeto detect light L2). At step 706, process 700 may include determining,with the processing subsystem, a value of a power characteristic of oneof the optoelectronic emitter during the emitting and the optoelectronicdetector during the detecting (e.g., LECC 354 and/or processor 315 maybe operative to determine the value of the forward voltage of element351 of LEC 352 while LEC 352 is emitting light L1 into space 303). Atstep 708, process 700 may include determining, with the processingsubsystem, the temperature of the one of the optoelectronic emitter andthe optoelectronic detector based on the determined value of the powercharacteristic of the one of the optoelectronic emitter and theoptoelectronic detector (e.g., processor 315 and data 316 d may beoperative to determine the temperature of LEC 352 based on thedetermined value of the forward voltage of element 351 of LEC 352). Atstep 710, process 700 may include determining, with the processingsubsystem, a smoke condition within the chamber space based on an amountof the emitted light detected by the optoelectronic detector and thedetermined temperature of the one of the optoelectronic emitter and theoptoelectronic detector (e.g., LDCC 384 and processor 315 and data 316 dmay be operative to determine a smoke condition within space 303 basedon an amount of light L2 detected by LDC 382 and the determinedtemperature of LEC 352).

It is understood that the steps shown in process 700 of FIG. 7 aremerely illustrative and that existing steps may be modified or omitted,additional steps may be added, and the order of certain steps may bealtered.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an illustrative process 800 for operating anelectronic device that includes a light emitting diode and a chamberbody that at least partially defines a chamber space. At step 802,process 800 may include detecting the magnitude of a forward voltage ofthe light emitting diode while the light emitting diode is emittinglight into the chamber space (e.g., while LED D of LEC 352 may beemitting light L1 into space 303, LECC 354 and/or processor 315 may beoperative to detect the magnitude of a forward voltage of LED D). Atstep 804, process 800 may include calculating the temperature of thelight emitting diode using the detected magnitude of the forward voltageof the light emitting diode (e.g., processor 315 and data 316 d may beoperative to calculate the temperature T_(j) of LED D using the detectedmagnitude of the forward voltage of LED D). At step 806, process 800 mayinclude determining a smoke condition within the chamber space using thecalculated temperature of the light emitting diode (e.g., LDCC 384 andprocessor 315 and data 316 d may be operative to determine a smokecondition within space 303 using the calculated temperature T_(j) of LEDD).

It is understood that the steps shown in process 800 of FIG. 8 aremerely illustrative and that existing steps may be modified or omitted,additional steps may be added, and the order of certain steps may bealtered.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an illustrative process 900 for operating ahazard detection system that includes a chamber body defining a chamberspace, an optoelectronic emitter, a first optoelectronic detector, asecond optoelectronic detector, an optical coupling structure ensuring alight path between the optoelectronic emitter and the firstoptoelectronic detector, and a processing subsystem. At step 902,process 900 may include emitting light from the optoelectronic emitter(e.g., LEC 352 may be operative to emit light L1 e). At step 904,process 900 may include detecting a first portion of the emitted lightwith the first optoelectronic detector via the optical couplingstructure (e.g., LDCL 372 may be operative to detect light L1 r or L1 fof light L1 e via optic coupling structure 359). At step 906, process900 may include detecting a second portion of the emitted light with thesecond optoelectronic detector via the chamber space (e.g., LDC 382 maybe operative to detect light L2 of light L1 of light L1 e via space303). At step 908, process 900 may include varying, with the processingsubsystem, the value of a power characteristic of the optoelectronicemitter based on the radiance of the first portion of the emitted lightdetected with the first optoelectronic detector (e.g., processor 315and/or data 316 d and/or circuitry 356 may be operative to vary themagnitude of current injected into LEC 352 based on the radiance oflight L1 r or L1 f of light L1 e detected with LDCL 372). At step 910,process 900 may include determining, with the processing subsystem, asmoke condition within the chamber space based on the radiance of thesecond portion of the emitted light detected with the secondoptoelectronic detector (e.g., processor 315 and/or data 316 d and/orcircuitry 356 and/or LDCC 384 may be operative to determine a smokecondition within space 303 based on the radiance of light L2 detectedwith LDC 382).

It is understood that the steps shown in process 900 of FIG. 9 aremerely illustrative and that existing steps may be modified or omitted,additional steps may be added, and the order of certain steps may bealtered.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an illustrative process 1000 for operating anelectronic device that includes a chamber body that at least partiallydefines a chamber space, a light emitting diode, and a photodiode. Atstep 1002, process 1000 may include detecting with the photodiode afirst portion of light emitted by the light emitting diode while thelight emitting diode is emitting the light for enabling thedetermination of a smoke condition within the chamber space (e.g., whileLED D of LEC 352 may be emitting light L1 e for enabling thedetermination of a smoke condition within space 303, a photodiode ofLDCL 372 may be operative to detect light L1 r or L1 f of light L1 e).At step 1004, process 1000 may include dictating the amount of currentinjected into the light emitting diode based on the magnitude of thefirst portion of the emitted light detected with the photodiode (e.g.,processor 315 and/or data 316 d and/or circuitry 356 may be operative todictate the amount of current injected into LED D of LEC 352 based onthe magnitude of light L1 r or L1 f detected by LDCL 372).

It is understood that the steps shown in process 1000 of FIG. 10 aremerely illustrative and that existing steps may be modified or omitted,additional steps may be added, and the order of certain steps may bealtered.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an illustrative process 1100 for operating anelectronic device that includes a chamber body that at least partiallydefines a chamber space, a first optoelectronic subsystem, a secondoptoelectronic subsystem, a third optoelectronic subsystem, and aprocessing subsystem. At step 1102, process 1100 may include emittingfirst light into the chamber space from the first optoelectronicsubsystem (e.g., light L1 a_e may be emitted into space 303 from LS 340a). At step 1104, process 1100 may include detecting a first portion ofthe first emitted light with the second optoelectronic subsystem (e.g.,light L2 a_ob of light L1 a_e may be detected by LS 340 b). At step1106, process 1100 may include detecting a second portion of the firstemitted light with the third optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2a_fs of light L1 a_e may be detected by LS 340 d). At step 1108, afterthe emitting of step 1102, process 1100 may include emitting secondlight into the chamber space from one of the second optoelectronicsubsystem and the third optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L1 b_e maybe emitted into space 303 from LS 340 b). At step 1110, process 1100 mayinclude detecting a first portion of the second emitted light with thefirst optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2 b_ob of light L1 b_e maybe detected by LS 340 a). At step 1112, process 1100 may includedetecting a second portion of the second emitted light with the otherone of the second optoelectronic subsystem and the third optoelectronicsubsystem (e.g., light L2 b_bs of light L1 b_e may be detected by LS 340d). At step 1114, process 1100 may include determining, with theprocessing subsystem, a characteristic of a hazard particle within thechamber space based on the radiance of each one of the first portion ofthe first light detected at step 1104, the second portion of the firstlight detected at step 1106, the first portion of the second lightdetected at step 1110, and the second portion of the second lightdetected at step 1112 (e.g., processor 315 and data 316 d may beoperative to compare the magnitude (e.g., the brightness, radiance,etc.) of two or more of obscuration light portion L2 a ob, backscatteredlight portion L2 a bs, and forward scattered light portion L2 a_fs ofemitted light L1 a_e with the magnitude of two or more of obscurationlight portion L2 b_ob, backscattered light portion L2 b_bs, and forwardscattered light portion L2 b_fs of emitted light L1 b_e to determinecertain characteristics about the current hazard condition within space303 (e.g., the size and/or the color and/or the material composition(e.g., type) of smoke particle S)).

It is understood that the steps shown in process 1100 of FIG. 11 aremerely illustrative and that existing steps may be modified or omitted,additional steps may be added, and the order of certain steps may bealtered.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of an illustrative process 1200 for operating anelectronic device that includes a chamber body that at least partiallydefines a chamber space, a first optoelectronic subsystem, a secondoptoelectronic subsystem, and a third optoelectronic subsystem. At step1202, process 1200 may include emitting first light into the chamberspace from the first optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L1 a_e may beemitted into space 303 from LS 340 a). At step 1204, process 1200 mayinclude detecting an obscuration portion of the first emitted light withthe second optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2 a_ob of light L1 a_emay be detected by LS 340 b). At step 1206, process 1200 may includedetecting a backscattered portion of the first emitted light with thethird optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2 a_bs of light L1 a_e maybe detected by LS 340 c). At step 1208, after the emitting of step 1202,process 1200 may include emitting second light into the chamber spacefrom the second optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L1 b_e may beemitted into space 303 from LS 340 b). At step 1210, process 1200 mayinclude detecting an obscuration portion of the second emitted lightwith the first optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2 b_ob of light L1b_e may be detected by LS 340 a). At step 1212, process 1200 may includedetecting a forward scattered portion of the second emitted light withthe third optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2 b_fs of light L1 b_emay be detected by LS 340 c).

It is understood that the steps shown in process 1200 of FIG. 12 aremerely illustrative and that existing steps may be modified or omitted,additional steps may be added, and the order of certain steps may bealtered.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of an illustrative process 1300 for operating anelectronic device that includes a chamber body that at least partiallydefines a chamber space, a first optoelectronic subsystem, a secondoptoelectronic subsystem, a third optoelectronic subsystem, and a fourthoptoelectronic subsystem. At step 1302, process 1300 may includeemitting first light into the chamber space from the firstoptoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L1 a_e may be emitted into space303 from LS 340 a). At step 1304, process 1300 may include detecting abackscattered portion of the first emitted light with the secondoptoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2 a_bs of light L1 a_e may bedetected by LS 340 c). At step 1306, process 1300 may include detectinga forward scattered portion of the first emitted light with the thirdoptoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2 a_fs of light L1 a_e may bedetected by LS 340 d). At step 1308, after the emitting of step 1302,process 1300 may include emitting second light into the chamber spacefrom the fourth optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L1 b_e may beemitted into space 303 from LS 340 b). At step 1310, process 1300 mayinclude detecting a forward scattered portion of the second emittedlight with the second optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2 b_fs oflight L1 b_e may be detected by LS 340 c). At step 1312, process 1300may include detecting a backscattered portion of the second emittedlight with the third optoelectronic subsystem (e.g., light L2 b_bs oflight L1 b_e may be detected by LS 340 d).

It is understood that the steps shown in process 1300 of FIG. 13 aremerely illustrative and that existing steps may be modified or omitted,additional steps may be added, and the order of certain steps may bealtered.

Any processes described with respect to FIGS. 1-13, as well as any otheraspects of the disclosure, may each be implemented by software, but mayalso be implemented in hardware, firmware, or any combination ofsoftware, hardware, and firmware. They each may also be embodied asmachine- or computer-readable code recorded on a machine- orcomputer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may be any datastorage device that can store data or instructions that can thereafterbe read by a computer system. Examples of the computer-readable mediummay include, but are not limited to, read-only memory, random-accessmemory, flash memory, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magnetic tape, and optical datastorage devices. The computer-readable medium can also be distributedover network-coupled computer systems so that the computer-readable codemay be stored and executed in a distributed fashion. For example, thecomputer-readable medium may be communicated from one electronicsubsystem or device to another electronic subsystem or device using anysuitable communications protocol. The computer-readable medium mayembody computer-readable code, instructions, data structures, programmodules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and may include any informationdelivery media. A modulated data signal may be a signal that has one ormore of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encodeinformation in the signal. Program modules, program components, and/orprogrammatic objects may include computer-readable and/orcomputer-executable instructions of and/or corresponding to any suitablecomputer programming language. In at least one embodiment, acomputer-readable medium may be tangible. In at least one embodiment, acomputer-readable medium may be non-transitory in time. Based on thedisclosure and teachings provided herein, a person of ordinary skill inthe art will appreciate other ways and/or methods to implement thevarious embodiments.

It is to be understood that any or each portion of any process discussedherein may be provided as a software construct, firmware construct, oneor more hardware components, or a combination thereof. For example, anyor each portion of any process discussed herein may be described in thegeneral context of computer-executable instructions, such as programmodules, that may be executed by one or more computers or other devices.Generally, a program module may include one or more routines, programs,objects, components, and/or data structures that may perform one or moreparticular tasks and/or that may implement one or more particularabstract data types.

Each one of the terms “computer-readable medium” or “machine-readablemedium” may include, but is not limited to portable or fixed storagedevices, optical storage devices, wireless channels and/or various othermediums that may be capable of storing, containing, and/or carryinginstruction(s) and/or data. A code segment or machine-executableinstructions may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, aprogram, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class,or any combination of instructions, data structures, or programstatements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or ahardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data,arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments,parameters, data, and/or the like may be passed, forwarded, ortransmitted via any suitable technique, including, but not limited to,memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission,and/or the like.

Furthermore, embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented, at leastin part, either manually or automatically. Manual or automaticimplementations may be executed, or at least assisted, through the useof machines, hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode,hardware description languages, or any combination thereof. Whenimplemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, the programcode or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in amachine-readable medium. One or more processors may perform thenecessary tasks.

Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as aprocess which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flowdiagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchartmay describe the operations as a sequential process, many of theoperations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition,the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process may beterminated when its operations are completed, but could have additionalsteps not discussed or included in a figure. Furthermore, not alloperations in any particularly described process may occur in allembodiments. A process may correspond to a method, a function, aprocedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, and/or the like. When a processcorresponds to a function, its termination may correspond to a return ofthe function to the calling function or the main function.

Any machine-readable medium tangibly embodying instructions may be usedin implementing the methodologies described herein. For example,software codes may be stored in a memory. Memory may be implementedwithin the processor or external to the processor. As used herein theterm “memory” may refer to any type of long term, short term, volatile,non-volatile, or other storage medium and is not to be limited to anyparticular type of memory or number of memories, or type of media uponwhich memory is stored.

Moreover, as disclosed herein, the term “storage medium” may representone or more memories for storing data, including read only memory (ROM),random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, core memory, magnetic diskstorage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/orother machine readable mediums for storing information. The term“machine-readable medium” may include, but is not limited to portable orfixed storage devices, optical storage devices, wireless channels,and/or various other storage mediums capable of storing that contain orcarry instruction(s) and/or data.

Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that eachintervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unlessthe context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lowerlimits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller rangebetween any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and anyother stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed.The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently beincluded or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neitheror both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassedwithin the disclosure, subject to any specifically excluded limit in thestated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits,ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are alsoincluded.

As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”,and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictatesotherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a process” includes aplurality of such processes and reference to “the device” includesreference to one or more devices and equivalents thereof known to thoseskilled in the art, and so forth.

Also, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” “include,” “including,” and“includes” when used in this specification and in the following claimsare intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers,components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or additionof one or more other features, integers, components, steps, acts, orgroups.

Whereas many alterations and modifications of the present disclosurewill no doubt become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the artafter having read the foregoing description, it is to be understood thatthe particular embodiments shown and described by way of illustrationare in no way intended to be considered limiting. Therefore, referenceto the details of any preferred embodiments is not intended to limittheir scope.

What is claimed is:
 1. A hazard detection system comprising: a chamberbody defining a chamber space; a first light subsystem; a second lightsubsystem; a third light subsystem; and a processing subsystem, wherein:the first light subsystem is operative to emit first light into thechamber space during a first period of a cycle; the second lightsubsystem is operative to detect a first portion of the first lightwithin the chamber space during the first period of the cycle; the thirdlight subsystem is operative to detect a second portion of the firstlight within the chamber space during the first period of the cycle; thesecond light subsystem is operative to emit second light into thechamber space during a second period of the cycle; the first lightsubsystem is operative to detect a first portion of the second lightwithin the chamber space during the second period of the cycle; thethird light subsystem is operative to detect a second portion of thesecond light within the chamber space during the second period of thecycle; and the processing subsystem is operative to determine acharacteristic of a hazard particle within the chamber space based onthe radiance of each one of the first portion of the first light; thesecond portion of the first light; the first portion of the secondlight; and the second portion of the second light.
 2. The hazarddetection system of claim 1, wherein a wavelength of the first light isdifferent than a wavelength of the second light.
 3. The hazard detectionsystem of claim 1, wherein the characteristic of the hazard particlecomprises at least one of: a size of the hazard particle; a color of thehazard particle; and a composition of the hazard particle.
 4. The hazarddetection system of claim 1, wherein the cycle is no more than tenseconds and is repeated.
 5. The hazard detection system of claim 1,wherein: the first portion of the first light comprises one of: anobscuration portion of the first light; a backscattered portion of thefirst light; and a front scattered portion of the first light; thesecond portion of the first light comprises another one of: theobscuration portion of the first light; the backscattered portion of thefirst light; and the front scattered portion of the first light.
 6. Thehazard detection system of claim 1, wherein: the first portion of thefirst light comprises a forward scattered portion of the first light;the second portion of the first light comprises a backscattered portionof the first light; the first portion of the second light comprises aforward scattered portion of the second light; and the second portion ofthe second light comprises an obscuration portion of the second light.7. The hazard detection system of claim 1, wherein: the first portion ofthe first light comprises an obscuration portion of the first light; thesecond portion of the first light comprises a backscattered portion ofthe first light; the first portion of the second light comprises anobscuration portion of the second light; and the second portion of thesecond light comprises a forward scattered portion of the second light.8. The hazard detection system of claim 7, further comprising a fourthlight subsystem, wherein: the fourth light subsystem is operative todetect a third portion of the first light within the chamber spaceduring the first period of the cycle; the fourth light subsystem isoperative to detect a third portion of the second light within thechamber space during the second period of the cycle; the third portionof the first light comprises a forward scattered portion of the firstlight; and the third portion of the second light comprises abackscattered portion of the second light.
 9. The hazard detectionsystem of claim 8, wherein the processing subsystem is operative todetermine the characteristic of the hazard particle within the chamberspace based on the radiance of each one of: the first portion of thefirst light; the second portion of the first light; the third portion ofthe first light; the first portion of the second light; the secondportion of the second light; and the third portion of the second light.10. The hazard detection system of claim 1, wherein: the first lightsubsystem is operative to emit the first light along a first axis intothe chamber space during the first period of the cycle; the second lightsubsystem is operative to detect the first portion of the first lightalong a second axis within the chamber space during the first period ofthe cycle; the third light subsystem is operative to detect the secondportion of the first light along a third axis within the chamber spaceduring the first period of the cycle; the first axis is linear with thesecond axis; and the first axis and the third axis form an angle between5° and 65°.
 11. The hazard detection system of claim 10, wherein: thesecond light subsystem is operative to emit the second light along afourth axis into the chamber space during the second period of thecycle; the first light subsystem is operative to detect the firstportion of the second light along a fifth axis within the chamber spaceduring the second period of the cycle; the third light subsystem isoperative to detect the second portion of the second light along a sixthaxis within the chamber space during the second period of the cycle; thefourth axis is linear with the fifth axis; and the fourth axis and thesixth axis form an angle between 5° and 65°.
 12. The hazard detectionsystem of claim 1, wherein the first light subsystem comprises a diodeoperative to: emit the first light into the chamber space during thefirst period of the cycle; and detect the first portion of the secondlight within the chamber space during the second period of the cycle.13. The hazard detection system of claim 1, wherein the first lightsubsystem comprises: a light emitting diode (LED) operative to emit LEDlight with an emitted magnitude during the first period of the cycle; alight detecting diode; and an optical coupling structure operative to:enable a first portion of the emitted LED light with a detectedmagnitude to be detected by the light detecting diode during the firstperiod of the cycle; enable a second portion of the emitted LED light tobe emitted as the first light into the chamber space during the firstperiod of the cycle; maintain a constant ratio between the value of theemitted magnitude and the value of the detected magnitude; and enablethe first portion of the second light to be detected by the lightdetecting diode during the second period of the cycle.
 14. The hazarddetection system of claim 13, wherein: the first light subsystem furthercomprises a lens; the first light is operative to be emitted into thechamber space via the lens; and the optical coupling structure is atleast one of: positioned with the lens; and a portion of the lens. 15.The hazard detection system of claim 13, wherein the processingsubsystem is further operative to: determine the current value of thedetected magnitude based on the current value of a power characteristicof the light detecting diode; compare the determined current value ofthe detected magnitude with a particular value; dictate the value of apower characteristic of the LED based on the comparison; and determine acurrent particular smoke condition within the chamber space based on thecurrent radiance of the first portion of the first light.
 16. The hazarddetection system of claim 13, further comprising a die, wherein: the LEDis provided on the die; and the light detecting diode is provided on thedie.
 17. The hazard detection system of claim 13, further comprising: apackage; a first die provided on the package; and a second die providedon the package, wherein: the LED is provided on the first die; and thelight detecting diode is provided on the second die.
 18. A method foroperating a hazard detection system, wherein the hazard detection systemcomprises a chamber body defining a chamber space, a firstoptoelectronic subsystem, a second optoelectronic subsystem, a thirdoptoelectronic subsystem, and a processing subsystem, the methodcomprising: emitting first light into the chamber space from the firstoptoelectronic subsystem; detecting a first portion of the first emittedlight with the second optoelectronic subsystem; detecting a secondportion of the first emitted light with the third optoelectronicsubsystem; after the emitting the first light, emitting second lightinto the chamber space from one of the second optoelectronic subsystemand the third optoelectronic subsystem; detecting a first portion of thesecond emitted light with the first optoelectronic subsystem; detectinga second portion of the second emitted light with the other one of thesecond optoelectronic subsystem and the third optoelectronic subsystem;and determining, with the processing subsystem, a characteristic of ahazard particle within the chamber space based on the radiance of eachone of: the first portion of the first light; the second portion of thefirst light; the first portion of the second light; and the secondportion of the second light.
 19. A method for operating a hazarddetection system, wherein the hazard detection system comprises achamber body defining a chamber space, a first optoelectronic subsystem,a second optoelectronic subsystem, and a third optoelectronic subsystem,the method comprising: emitting first light from the firstoptoelectronic subsystem into the chamber space; detecting anobscuration portion of the first emitted light with the secondoptoelectronic subsystem; detecting a backscattered portion of the firstemitted light with the third optoelectronic subsystem; after theemitting the first light, emitting second light from the secondoptoelectronic subsystem into the chamber space; detecting anobscuration portion of the second emitted light with the firstoptoelectronic subsystem; and detecting a forward scattered portion ofthe second emitted light with the third optoelectronic subsystem.
 20. Amethod for operating a hazard detection system, wherein the hazarddetection system comprises a chamber body defining a chamber space, afirst optoelectronic subsystem, a second optoelectronic subsystem, athird optoelectronic subsystem, and a fourth optoelectronic subsystem,the method comprising: emitting first light from the firstoptoelectronic subsystem into the chamber space; detecting abackscattered portion of the first emitted light with the secondoptoelectronic subsystem; detecting a forward scattered portion of thefirst emitted light with the third optoelectronic subsystem; after theemitting the first light, emitting second light from the fourthoptoelectronic subsystem into the chamber space; detecting a forwardscattered portion of the second emitted light with the secondoptoelectronic subsystem; and detecting a backscattered portion of thesecond emitted light with the third optoelectronic subsystem.